Table 1 Participants characteristics (n = 291)
| Â | Mean (SD) | Potential range (midpoint) | Number of participant (percentage) |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 55.8 (11.09) | Â | Â |
Duration of Diabetes since diagnosis (in years) | 11.9 (9.01) | Â | Â |
Education background: | Â | Â | Â |
 Less than high school |  |  | 74 (25.4 %) |
 High school |  |  | 111 (38.2 %) |
 College |  |  | 46 (15.8 %) |
 University |  |  | 60 (20.6 %) |
Type of treatments: | Â | Â | Â |
 Diet |  |  | 25 (8.6 %) |
 Diet & tablet |  |  | 110 (37.8 %) |
 Diet & Insulin |  |  | 84 (28.9 %) |
 Diet, tablet, & insulin |  |  | 72 (24.7 %) |
Diabetes knowledge | 61.7 (19.61) | 0 – 100 (50) |  |
Attitudes | 63.4 (11.68) | 19-95 (57) | Â |
Self-management: | Â | Â | Â |
 Diet | 4.8 (1.56) | 0-7 (3.5) |  |
 Exercise | 3.5 (2.26) | 0-7 (3.5) |  |
 Blood glucose testing | 4.9 (2.49) | 0-7 (3.5) |  |
 Foot care | 3.4 (2.58) | 0-7 (3.5) |  |
Quality of life: | Â | Â | Â |
 Satisfaction | 65.3 (17.60) | 0-100 (50) |  |
 Impact | 28.5 (14.32) | 0-100 (50) |  |