Skip to main content

Table 2 Distributions of EQ-5D-5L dimension, index and VAS scores by survey language

From: Cross-cultural measurement equivalence of the 5-level EQ-5D (EQ-5D-5L) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Singapore

   

Survey language

 

Measure

Level of problems

Total (n = 729)

English (n = 311)

Chinese (n = 200)

Malay (n = 218)

p valuea

Dimension score, n (%)

      

Mobility

No

539 (73.9)

238 (76.5)

152 (76.0)

149 (68.4)

0.054

 

Slight

104 (14.3)

43 (13.8)

29 (14.5)

32 (14.7)

 
 

Moderate

55 (7.5)

16 (5.1)

12 (6.0)

27 (12.4)

 
 

Severe

21 (2.9)

10 (3.2)

4 (2.0)

7 (3.2)

 
 

Unable

10 (1.4)

4 (1.3)

3 (1.5)

3 (1.4)

 

Self-care

No

624 (85.6)

272 (87.5)

169 (84.5)

183 (83.9)

0.363

 

Slight

58 (8.0)

27 (8.7)

16 (8.0)

15 (6.9)

 
 

Moderate

30 (4.1)

8 (2.6)

10 (5.0)

12 (5.5)

 
 

Severe

15 (2.1)

4 (1.3)

4 (2.0)

7 (3.2)

 
 

Unable

2 (0.3)

0 (0.0)

1 (0.5)

1 (0.5)

 

Usual activities

No

570 (78.2)

248 (79.7)

155 (77.5)

167 (76.6)

0.486

 

Slight

97 (13.3)

47 (15.1)

22 (11.0)

28 (12.8)

 
 

Moderate

45 (6.2)

11 (3.5)

18 (9.0)

16 (7.3)

 
 

Severe

11 (1.5)

2 (0.6)

3 (1.5)

6 (2.8)

 
 

Unable

6 (0.8)

3 (1.0)

2 (1.0)

1 (0.5)

 

Pain/discomfort

No

415 (57.0)

184 (59.2)

104 (52.3)

127 (58.3)

0.270

 

Slight

222 (30.5)

89 (28.6)

67 (33.7)

66 (30.1)

 
 

Moderate

70 (9.6)

31 (10.0)

19 (9.6)

20 (9.2)

 
 

Severe

16 (2.2)

6 (1.9)

6 (3.0)

4 (1.8)

 
 

Extreme

5 (0.7)

1 (0.3)

3 (1.5)

1 (0.5)

 

Anxiety/depression

Not

497 (68.4)

221 (71.1)

128 (64.7)

148 (67.9)

0.216

 

Slightly

175 (24.1)

75 (24.1)

52 (26.3)

48 (22.0)

 
 

Moderately

42 (5.8)

11 (3.5)

15 (7.6)

16 (7.3)

 
 

Severely

10 (1.4)

4 (1.3)

2 (1.0)

4 (1.8)

 
 

Extremely

3 (0.4)

0 (0.0)

1 (0.5)

2 (0.9)

 

Index score, mean (SD)

0.84 (0.22)

0.85 (0.20)

0.82 (0.23)

0.83 (0.22)

0.264

EQ-VAS score, mean (SD)

78.07 (17.65)

75.46 (18.46)

78.00 (18.33)

81.85 (15.04)

< 0.001

  1. EQ-5D-5L 5-level EQ-5D; EQ-VAS EQ-visual analog scale; SD standard deviation
  2. aThe Kruskal-Wallis test was used for dimension scores and the ANOVA test for index and VAS scores