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Table 3 DIF summary (Age Group) for the individual items of the PREE

From: Rasch analysis of the Patient Rated Elbow Evaluation questionnaire

Item

Uniform DIF for Age

Non-Uniform DIF for Age

MS

F

DF

P

MS

F

DF

P

Pain sub scale

Pain - When it is at its worst

1.55

1.77

3

0.15

0.92

1.05

9

0.40

Pain - at resta

2.98

4.82

3

0.00

0.79

1.28

9

0.25

Pain - When lifting a heavy object

1.29

1.36

3

0.26

0.40

0.42

9

0.93

Pain - When doing a task with repeated elbow movement

1.31

2.02

3

0.11

0.44

0.68

9

0.73

How often do you have pain?

0.89

1.11

3

0.35

0.63

0.78

9

0.64

Specific activities sub scale

Comb my hair

0.38

0.58

3

0.63

1.38

2.08

9

0.03

Eat with a fork or spoon

0.62

0.90

3

0.50

0.84

1.20

9

0.30

Pull a heavy object

1.23

1.58

3

0.20

0.50

0.64

9

0.76

Use my arm to rise from a chair

1.25

1.41

3

0.24

0.45

0.51

9

0.86

Carry a 10 lb object with my arm at my side

3.96

3.32

3

0.02

2.20

1.84

9

0.06

Throw a small object, such as a tennis ball

1.74

1.69

3

0.17

1.14

1.11

9

0.35

Use a telephone

0.99

0.94

3

0.42

0.94

0.89

9

0.54

Do up buttons on the front of my shirt

2.05

1.99

3

0.12

0.65

0.63

9

0.77

Wash my opposite armpit

1.94

2.54

3

0.06

0.21

0.27

9

0.98

Tie my shoe

0.29

0.27

3

0.84

0.57

0.54

9

0.85

Turn the doorknob and open a door

1.39

1.46

3

0.22

1.05

1.10

9

0.36

Usual activities sub scale

Personal activities (dressing, washing)

0.07

0.10

3

0.96

0.12

0.19

6

0.98

Household work (cleaning, maintenance)

1.38

2.83

3

0.04

0.33

0.67

6

0.67

Work (your job or everyday work)

0.95

1.28

3

0.28

1.33

1.81

6

0.10

Recreational activities

2.41

2.99

3

0.03

0.47

0.58

6

0.74

  1. aItems exhibiting Uniform DIF. An item was considered to exhibit DIF if P values are significant after applying Bonferroni correction factor; PREE – Patient Rated Elbow Evaluation