Skip to main content

Table 3 Prevalence of poor HRQOL based on vitamin D status

From: Association between serum vitamin D status and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in an older Korean population with radiographic knee osteoarthritis: data from the Korean national health and nutrition examination survey (2010–2011)

 

Unadjusted

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3 ‡§

 

Odds ratio (95% CI)

P value

Odds ratio (95% CI)

P value

Odds ratio (95% CI)

P value

Odds ratio (95% CI)

P value

EQ-VAS

        

Vit. D normal

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

Vit. D deficiency

1.832 (1.187-2.827)

0.006

1.667 (1.077-2.580)

0.022

1.585 (1.019-2.465)

0.041

1.562 (1.011-2.413)

0.044

EQ-5D index

        

Vit. D normal

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

Vit. D deficiency

1.992 (1.266-3.132)

0.003

1.701 (1.083-2.670)

0.021

1.485 (0.922-2.392)

0.103

1.618 (0.988-2.650)

0.056

  1. To see the association between vitamin D deficiency and poor HRQOL, we compared the prevalence of poor HRQOL (the first quartile of EQ-VAS and EQ-5D index) based on vitamin D status. Vitamin D status were classified into 2 groups according to serum 25(OH)D concentration : Vitamin D normal (≥10 ng/mL) and deficiency(<10 ng/mL).
  2. Statistically significant p-value ≤ 0.05. P-values were determined by multivariate logistic regression analysis.
  3. Model1: Adjusted for age & gender.
  4. Model2: Adjusted for age, gender + marital status, KL grade.
  5. Model3: Adjusted for age, gender + marital status, KL grade + education, income, residence, smoking, regular exercise, comorbidity of chronic diseases§, BMI, WC.
  6. Regular exercise was defined as participating in vigorous exercise (strenuous or gasping activities, such as running, high-speed cycling, and swimming) more than 3 times per week for ≥20 min at a time or moderate-intensity exercise (slightly strenuous or gasping activities, such as slow swimming, badminton, and table tennis) more than 5 times per week for ≥30 min at a time, or walking more than 5 times per week for ≥30 min at a time.
  7. §Comorbidity of chronic disease included subjects with hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidaemia, cerebrovascular accident, chronic renal disease, or liver cirrhosis.
  8. Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval; BMI, body mass index; EQ-5D, EuroQOL-5 dimension; EQ-VAS, EuroQOL-visual analogue scale; HRQOL, health-related quality of life; KL grade, Kellgren-Lawrence grade; QOL, quality of life; Vit. D, vitamin D; WC, waist circumference.