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Table 1 Clinical characteristics according to vitamin D status in the study population

From: Association between serum vitamin D status and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in an older Korean population with radiographic knee osteoarthritis: data from the Korean national health and nutrition examination survey (2010–2011)

Characteristics

Vit. D deficiency (<10 ng/mL)

Vit. D normal (≥10 ng/mL)

P value

N, sample size

128

2037

 

%, weighted

5.3%

94.7%

 

Mean vitamin D, ng/mL

8.4 ± 0.124

20.04 ± 0.296

 

Age

   

Mean age, year

69.02 ± 1.059

66.45 ± 0.286

0.016

Gender

   

Male

24.1%

33.2%

0.104

Female

75.9%

66.8%

 

Body mass index (BMI)

   

Mean BMI, kg/m2

24.64 ± 0.457

24.79 ± 0.086

0.746

Waist circumference (WC)

   

Mean WC, cm

84.07 ± 1.364

85.44 ± 0.272

0.317

Education

   

≤Elementary school graduate

71.5%

62.2%

0.096

≥Middle school graduate

28.5%

37.8%

 

Income

   

1st, 2nd quartile (Low income)

66.7%

64.6%

0.704

3rd, 4th quartile (High income)

33.3%

35.4%

 

Residence

   

Urban

73.0%

65.5%

0.222

Rural

27.0%

34.5%

 

Marital status

   

Without spouse (Unmarried, or widowed/divorced/separated)

42.2%

30.1%

0.017

Married, With spouse

57.8%

69.9%

 

Smoking

   

Never

72.4%

65.9%

0.482

Ex-smoker

15.3%

20.6%

 

Current smoker

12.3%

13.5%

 

Regular exercise

   

No

61.7%

52.0%

0.100

Yes

38.3%

48.0%

 

Comorbidity of chronic disease §

   

No

40.8%

45.8%

0.314

Yes

59.2%

54.2%

 

Kellgren-Lawrence grade

   

grade 2 (mild)-3 (moderate)

64.6%

80.5%

<0.0001

grade 4 (severe)

35.4%

19.5%

 
  1. Data are presented as weighted proportions unless otherwise indicated. Continuous results presented as weighted mean with standard error.
  2. Statistically significant p-value ≤ 0.05. P-values were determined by chi-square test for categorical variables and t-test for continuous variables.
  3. Regular exercise was defined as participating in vigorous exercise (strenuous or gasping activities, such as running, high-speed cycling, and swimming) more than 3 times per week for ≥20 min at a time or moderate-intensity exercise (slightly strenuous or gasping activities, such as slow swimming, badminton, and table tennis) more than 5 times per week for ≥30 min at a time, or walking more than 5 times per week for ≥30 min at a time.
  4. §Comorbidity of chronic disease included subjects with hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidaemia, cerebrovascular accident, chronic renal disease, or liver cirrhosis.
  5. Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; Vit. D, vitamin D; WC, waist circumference.