Quality of life and its association with direct medical costs for COPD in urban China

Table 4 The relationship between direct medical costs for COPD care and quality of life of patients

Utilities of EQ5D	Annual direct medical cost		cOR (95% CI)	p value	aOR (95% CI)*	p value*
Utilities of EQ5D	Top 25%	Lower 75%	cOR (95% CI)	p value	aOR (95% CI)*	p value*
Lower 75%	139	305	3.28	<0.001	2.10	0.003
Lower 75%	139	305	(2.09,5.13)	<0.001	(1.29,3.44)	0.003
Top 25%	27	194	1.00	-	1.00	-

*Variables included in the logistic regression model: study site, age, gender, household income, severity and duration of COPD, having medical insurance(s) and presence of comorbidities.
Abbreviations: aOR adjusted odds ratio, cOR crude odds ratio, CI confidence interval, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

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