Quality of life and its association with direct medical costs for COPD in urban China

Table 3 Factors associated with utilities of EQ-5D in COPD patients

Variables	Top 25%	Low 75%	cOR (95% CI)	p value	aOR (95% CI) ^*	p value ^*
Age (years)	-	-	0.96 (0.95,0.98)	<0.001	0.98 (0.96,0.99)	0.012
Gender
Male	175	318	1.48 (1.02,2.14)	0.041	1.65 (1.06,2.58)	0.028
Female	50	134	1.00	-	1.00	-
Current severity
Mild	72	67	12.04 (4.55,31.86)	<0.001	14.76 (5.33,40.89)	<0.001
Moderate	108	188	6.43 (2.50,16.55)	<0.001	7.15 (2.69,18.97)	<0.001
Severe	40	141	3.18 (1.19,8.46)	0.021	3.43 (1.25,9.38)	0.016
Very severe	5	56	1.00	-	1.00	-
Total	225	452	-	-	-	-

*Variables included in the logistic regression model: study site, average household income, having medical insurance(s), duration of COPD and presence of comorbidities.
Abbreviations: aOR adjusted odds ratio, cOR crude odds ratio, CI confidence interval, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

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