Health-related quality of life and the predictive role of sense of coherence, spirituality and religious coping in a sample of Iranian women with breast cancer: a prospective study with comparative design

Table 5 The results of the multiple linear regression analyses for HRQoL dimensions, summary of the significant predictors for the scales of the EORTC QLQ-C30 in the breast cancer group (n = 162) at the 6-month follow-up

Dependent variables	\( \widehat{\boldsymbol{\upbeta}} \)	p value	Dependent variables	\( \widehat{\boldsymbol{\upbeta}} \)	p value
Global quality of life			Pain
Education	0.21	.003	Disease stage	0.17	.032
SOC	0.50	.000	SOC	-0.26	.003
R ² = 0.33			PA-baseline	0.20	.012
Physical Functioning			R ² = 0.16
Disease stage	-0.19	.012	Dyspnea
SOC	0.31	.000	DY-baseline	0.26	.001
PF-baseline	0.27	.000	R ² = 0.16
R ² = 0.26			Insomnia
Role Functioning			SOC	-0.39	.000
Disease stage	-0.17	.036	SL-baseline	0.36	.000
SOC	0.33	.000	R ² = 0.30
R ² = 0.19			Appetite Loss
Emotional Functioning			Education	-0.27	.001
Surgery type	-0.22	.001	Disease stage	0.17	.034
SOC	0.49	.000	SOC	-0.27	.001
R ² = 0.40			R ² = 0.17
Cognitive Functioning			Constipation
Age	0.16	.041	CO-baseline	0.25	.001
SOC	0.26	.002	R ² = 0.13
RCOPE (−)	-0.17	.034	Diarrhea
R ² = 0.21			Disease stage	0.27	.001
Social Functioning			R ² = 0.12
SOC	0.33	.000	Financial Difficulties
R ² = 0.25			SOC	-0.26	.002
Fatigue			FI-baseline	0.28	.000
Disease stage	0.15	.041	R ² = 0.24
SOC	-0.36	.000
FA-baseline	0.21	.005
R ² = 0.25

CO: constipation; DY: dyspnea; FA: fatigue; FI: financial difficulties; PA: pain; PF: physical functioning; RCOPE (−): negative religious coping; SL: insomnia; SOC: sense of coherence.
Coding of the independent variables: age (continuous variable), education (lower education: high school and lower levels; higher education: college and university), disease stage (mild: 0 to II or severe: III and higher), surgery type (mastectomy or conservation surgery), and treatment modalities at the 6-month follow-up (ongoing treatment or treatment ended).
\( \widehat{\upbeta} \): Standardized regression coefficient.

ISSN: 1477-7525