Posttraumatic growth, depression and posttraumatic stress in relation to quality of life in tsunami survivors: a longitudinal study

Table 1 Demographic and exposure information and descriptive statistics for major study variables ( N = 58)

Demographic and exposure variables	Prevalence
Female gender	55.2%
Age (Mean/ SD)	40.5 (11.3)
Married/cohabiting	63,8%
Employed	69%
Higher education	69%
*Family members participating*
1	34,5%
2	55.2%
3	10.3%
*Exposure*
No direct exposure to waves	20.7%
Touched or chased by waves	39.7%
Caught by waves	39.7%
*Injury and loss*
Were injured	39.7%
Hospitalized	19%
Lost family member	20.7%
Major study variables	Mean ( SD )
Posttraumatic growth	50.6 (25.2)
Depression^a	2.7 (4.2)
Posttraumatic stress^b	31.6 (15.1)
General quality of life at T1	4.0 (0.9)
Health-related quality of life at T1	3.7 (1.2)
General quality of life at T2	4.1 (1.0)
Health-related quality of life at T2	3.7 (1.1)

Note: All variables were measured two years post-tsunami. In addition, quality of life was measured both two and six years post-tsunami.
^aThe level of depression as measured by the General Health Questionnaire.
^bThe level of posttraumatic stress as measured by the PCL.

ISSN: 1477-7525