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Table 3 Odds ratio (95% CI) associated with predictors for persistence of disability and incidence of disability, in the population with chronic major depression

From: Risk factors for incidence and persistence of disability in chronic major depression and alcohol use disorders: Longitudinal analyses of a population-based study

 

Physical functioning

Physical role

Bodily pain

General health

Vitality

Social functioning

Emotional role

Mental health

Persistence of disability

        

Educational attainment

0.88*(0.77 to 0.98)

0.96(0.85 to 1.08)

0.89(0.79 to 1.01)

0.82**(0.72 to 0.93)

1.00(0.88 to 1.13)

1.05(0.93 to 1.17)

0.99(0.89 to 1.11)

0.93(0.82 to 1.06)

Family income

0.92**(0.87 to 0.98)

0.95(0.90 to 1.01)

0.97(0.92 to 1.03)

0.94*(0.89 to 0.99)

0.92**(0.87 to 0.98)

0.91**(0.86 to 0.96)

0.92**(0.87 to 0.98)

0.90**(0.84 to 0.95)

Unemployment

1.39(0.68 to 2.82)

1.96*(1.04 to 3.68)

1.42(0.66 to 3.05)

1.33(0.79 to 2.23)

2.57*(1.06 to 6.24)

1.48(0.64 to 3.40)

1.02(0.44 to 2.34)

1.68(0.57 to 4.93)

Physical health conditions

4.00***(2.29 to 6.97)

5.11***(2.96 to 8.80)

4.87***(2.71 to 8.73)

2.25**(1.35 to 3.75)

3.34***(1.75 to 6.38)

1.77*(1.06 to 2.98)

2.29*(1.20 to 4.37)

1.58(0.86 to 2.88)

Mental health conditions

1.10(0.69 to 1.75)

0.84(0.53 to 1.33)

1.12(0.74 to 1.69)

1.20(0.84 to 1.72)

0.63(0.36 to 1.08)

1.19(0.75 to 1.87)

1.17(0.73 to 1.88)

1.04(0.62 to 1.75)

Severity of depression

1.03(0.86 to 1.23)

1.09(0.93 to 1.27)

1.11(0.93 to 1.32)

1.32**(1.12 to 1.55)

1.20(0.99 to 1.46)

1.40***(1.18 to 1.66)

1.28*(1.03 to 1.58)

1.25*(1.03 to 1.52)

Seeking help for major depression

2.01**(1.19 to 3.38)

1.73**(1.16 to 2.58)

1.52(0.96 to 2.42)

1.57*(1.05 to 2.36)

1.71(0.96 to 3.03)

1.43(0.88 to 2.32)

1.80*(1.04 to 3.10)

1.48(0.82 to 2.65)

Incidence of disability

        

Educational attainment

0.78*(0.64 to 0.96)

0.92(0.73 to 1.17)

0.91(0.73 to 1.14)

0.70*(0.54 to 0.92)

0.83(0.62 to 1.11)

0.82(0.64 to 1.05)

0.78(0.57 to 1.07)

0.65*(0.45 to 0.95)

Family income

0.98(0.89 to 1.07)

0.94(0.84 to 1.06)

0.98(0.88 to 1.10)

1.01(0.87 to 1.16)

1.03(0.89 to 1.19)

0.86*(0.74 to 0.98)

1.08(0.92 to 1.25)

1.03(0.87 to 1.21)

Unemployment

3.98*(1.05 to 15.07)

1.24(0.25 to 6.26)

0.95(0.14 to 6.26)

1.55(0.17 to 14.17)

12.87*(1.15 to 144.69)

0.40(0.08 to 1.98)

0.11(0.01 to 1.58)

0.15(0.01 to 4.42)

Physical health conditions

3.13*(1.01 to 9.78)

0.92(0.14 to 5.99)

2.54(0.58 to 11.10)

4.80*(1.30 to 17.71)

14.66*(1.12 to 192.35)

6.38*(1.42 to 28.67)

4.19(0.68 to 25.93)

1.19(0.26 to 5.50)

Mental health conditions

1.51(0.55 to 4.14)

0.80(0.29 to 2.20)

1.15(0.45 to 2.97)

1.21(0.40 to 3.71)

2.09(0.62 to 7.04)

1.13(0.31 to 4.08)

0.51(0.15 to 1.67)

1.60(0.33 to 7.67)

Severity of depression

0.74(0.50 to 1.09)

0.97(0.62 to 1.51)

0.89(0.63 to 1.27)

0.79(0.54 to 1.15)

1.30(0.80 to 2.10)

1.07(0.63 to 1.80)

1.20(0.84 to 1.73)

0.69(0.43 to 1.12)

Seeking help for major depression

0.60(0.20 to 1.75)

0.73(0.21 to 2.50)

1.54(0.51 to 4.69)

0.98(0.26 to 3.71)

0.58(0.11 to 3.05)

1.73(0.49 to 6.07)

4.85(0.70 to 33.60)

6.81**(1.83 to 25.43)

  1. Note: *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; Analyses were controlled by age and sex. In the models predicting incidence of disability, participants with severe disability in Wave 1, in the domain assessed, were excluded from the analysis corresponding to that domain.