Table 2 Odds ratio (95% CI) associated with predictors for persistence of disability and incidence of disability in the general population

Persistence of disability

Educational attainment

0.92***(0.91 to 0.93)

0.93***(0.92 to 0.94)

0.95***(0.94 to 0.96)

0.85***(0.84 to 0.86)

0.97***(0.96 to 0.98)

0.98***(0.97 to 0.99)

0.97***(0.96 to 0.98)

0.97***(0.96 to 0.98)

Family income

0.93***(0.92 to 0.94)

0.93***(0.92 to 0.94)

0.96***(0.95 to 0.97)

0.94***(0.93 to 0.95)

0.96***(0.95 to 0.97)

0.94***(0.93 to 0.95)

0.94***(0.93 to 0.95)

0.96***(0.95 to 0.97)

Unemployment

1.38***(1.24 to 1.54)

1.43***(1.28 to 1.58)

1.13*(1.02 to 1.25)

1.43***(1.30 to 1.57)

1.06(0.97 to 1.17)

1.50***(1.36 to 1.66)

1.54***(1.39 to 1.70)

1.48***(1.34 to 1.63)

Physical health conditions

3.25***(3.08 to 3.43)

2.99***(2.83 to 3.15)

3.40***(3.23 to 3.58)

2.47 ***(2.35 to 2.60)

2.19***(2.08 to 2.30)

2.30***(2.18 to 2.43)

1.95***(1.86 to 2.05)

1.73***(1.64 to 1.82)

Mental health conditions

1.77***(1.67 to 1.88)

1.64***(1.55 to 1.74)

1.78***(1.68 to 1.88)

1.55***(1.47 to 1.63)

1.87***(1.78 to 1.97)

2.45***(2.31 to 2.59)

2.40***(2.27 to 2.54)

2.26***(2.14 to 2.38)

Major depression

1.49***(1.34 to 1.65)

1.50***(1.35 to 1.67)

1.58***(1.43 to 1.74)

1.50***(1.36 to 1.64)

2.13***(1.93 to 2.35)

2.74***(2.48 to 3.02)

2.99***(2.71 to 3.30)

3.30***(2.99 to 3.63)

Alcohol use disorders

0.96(0.86 to 1.06)

0.99(0.90 to 1.09)

1.16***(1.07 to 1.26)

1.07(0.98 to 1.16)

1.09*(1.01 to 1.18)

1.35***(1.23 to 1.47)

1.31***(1.21 to 1.43)

1.17***(1.08 to 1.26)

Incidence of disability

Educational attainment

0.94***(0.92 to 0.96)

0.94***(0.92 to 0.96)

0.94***(0.93 to 0.96)

0.87***(0.85 to 0.88)

0.97***(0.95 to 0.98)

0.96***(0.95 to 0.98)

0.95***(0.93 to 0.97)

0.95***(0.93 to 0.96)

Family income

0.96***(0.95 to 0.97)

0.96***(0.95 to 0.97)

0.99(0.98 to 1.01)

0.96***(0.95 to 0.97)

0.98***(0.97 to 0.99)

0.96***(0.95 to 0.97)

0.96***(0.95 to 0.97)

0.98***(0.97 to 0.99)

Unemployment

1.71***(1.39 to 2.10)

1.50***(1.22 to 1.85)

1.47***(1.23 to 1.76)

1.31**(1.07 to 1.61)

1.18(0.98 to 1.43)

1.60***(1.33 to 1.93)

1.21(0.99 to 1.48)

1.41***(1.17 to 1.71)

Physical health conditions

1.96***(1.76 to 2.18)

1.67***(1.49 to 1.88)

1.89***(1.70 to 2.11)

1.58***(1.41 to 1.78)

1.48***(1.34 to 1.64)

1.54***(1.39 to 1.70)

1.52***(1.38 to 1.67)

1.25***(1.13 to 1.38)

Mental health conditions

1.33***(1.18 to 1.51)

1.37***(1.21 to 1.56)

1.37***(1.22 to 1.54)

1.04(0.91 to 1.17)

1.27***(1.14 to 1.43)

1.47***(1.31 to 1.64)

1.46***(1.30 to 1.64)

1.30***(1.15 to 1.46)

Major depression

2.06***(1.49 to 2.84)

1.29(0.90 to 1.86)

2.02***(1.41 to 2.88)

1.44*(1.01 to 2.10)

3.05***(2.00 to 4.67)

4.44***(3.02 to 6.52)

3.66***(2.31 to 5.82)

4.82***(3.03 to 7.68)

Alcohol use disorders

1.19(0.94 to 1.50)

1.22(0.98 to 1.51)

1.19(0.98 to 1.45)

1.03(0.83 to 1.27)

1.28*(1.05 to 1.54)

1.46***(1.20 to 1.78)

1.59**(1.31 to 1.92)

1.19(0.97 to 1.46)