Underlying structure | Scale/subscales and their names (number of items) | Cronbach’s alpha | ICC (95% confidence interval) | Pearson’sr | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CES-D | HbA1c | ||||
Full form (K-PAID) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
One-factor structurea | Single scale (20 items) | 0.94 | 0.89 (0.83-0.94) | 0.55* | 0.13* |
Two-factor structureb | Subscale 1: Lack of confidence (7 items) | 0.74 | 0.85 (0.75-0.91) | 0.52* | 0.15* |
 | Subscale 2: Negative emotional consequences (13 items) | 0.94 | 0.90 (0.83-0.94) | 0.53* | 0.12* |
Two-factor structurec | Subscale 1: Diabetes distress (15 items) | 0.93 | 0.90 (0.84-0.94) | 0.52* | 0.13* |
 | Subscale 2: Support-related issues (5 items) | 0.77 | 0.87 (0.76-0.92) | 0.57* | 0.13* |
Three-factor structured | Subscale 1: Diabetes-related emotional problems (15 items) | 0.93 | 0.89 (0.82-0.93) | 0.55* | 0.13* |
 | Subscale 2: Food-related problems (3 items) | 0.73 | 0.80 (0.66-0.88) | 0.41* | 0.13* |
 | Subscale 3: Social-support-related problems (2 items) | 0.61 | 0.81 (0.68-0.89) | 0.48* | ns |
Four-factor structuree | Subscale 1: Diabetes-related emotional problems (12 items) | 0.94 | 0.88 (0.81-0.93) | 0.54* | 0.12* |
 | Subscale 2: Treatment-related problems (3 items) | 0.54 | 0.30 (-0.18-0.59) | 0.32* | 0.14* |
 | Subscale 3: Food-related problems (3 items) | 0.74 | 0.79 (0.66-0.88) | 0.41* | 0.13* |
 | Subscale 4: Social-support-related problems (2 items) | 0.61 | 0.81 (0.67-0.89) | 0.48* | ns |
Short form (K-PAID-5) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
One-factor structuref | Single scale (5 items) | 0.87 | 0.89 (0.82-0.94) | 0.48* | 0.14* |