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Table 1 Data Extraction Based on Physical Activity Questionnaires (n = 22)

From: Validity of instruments to measure physical activity may be questionable due to a lack of conceptual frameworks: a systematic review

Author, year

Population

Instrument

Article includes a conceptual framework

Main concept † and definition

Domains †

   

A priori

A posteriori

  

Arbuckle, 1994 [27]

Elderly

Activities Checklist

x

-

Activity level

Definition not reported

- Intellectual activity

- Social and physical activity

Avlund, 1996 [28]

Elderly

Questionnaire of Functional Ability

x

-

Functional ability

Definition not reported

-Physical Activities of Daily Living (PADL)

- Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL)

Carone, 1999 [29]

COPD, kiphoscoliosis

Maugery Foundation Respiratory Failure item set (MRF-28)

-

x

(domains)

Health impairment

Definition not reported

- Daily activities

- Cognitive function

- Invalidity

Dunderdale, 2008 [30]

Chronic Heart Failure

Chronic Heart Failure Assessment tool (CHAT)

x

x

(domains)

Health related quality of life

Definition not reported

A priori:

- Physical

- Emotional

- Self-perception

- Relationships

- Symptoms

- Lifestyle

- Cognitive aspects

A posteriori:

- Symptoms

- Activity levels

- Psychosocial aspects

- Emotions

Eakman, 2007 [31]

Elderly

Meaningful Activity Participation Assessment (MAPA)

x

-

Meaningful Activity Participation

Definition not reported

- Mental health

- Purpose in life

- Physical health

Author, year

Population

Instrument

Article includes a conceptual framework

Main concept † and definition

Domains †

   

A priori

A posteriori

  

Fillenbaum, 1981 [32]

Elderly

OARS Multidimensional Functional Assessment Questionnaire

x

-

Personal functioning

Definition not reported

- Social

- Economic

- Mental healthy

- Physical health

- Self capacity

Kempen, 1990 [33]

Elderly

Hierarchial Polychotomous ADL-IADL Scale

x

-

Functioning in daily life

Definition not reported

- ADL

- IADL

Laureau, 1994 [34]

COPD

Pulmonary Functional Status and Dyspnea Questionnaire (PFSDQ)

x

-

Dyspnea

'The sensation of uncomfortable breathing' [...] 'in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is the primary symptom limiting activities of daily living'

- Dyspnea components

- Functional abilities

Laureau, 1998 [35]

COPD

Modified version of the Pulmonary Functional Status and Dyspnea Questionnaire (PFSDQ-M)

x

-

Activity levels

'Activity levels based on the patient's self-report of his or her perception in performing 79 activities'

Dyspnea

'Patient's experience with dyspnea, followed by ratings of the intensity of shortness of breath experienced with the performance of the same 79 activities evaluated in the activity component'

- Self-care

- Mobility

- Eating

- Home management

- Social activities

- Recreational activities

Author, year

Population

Instrument

Article includes a conceptual framework

Main concept † and definition

Domains †

   

A priori

A posteriori

  

Lee, 1998 [36]

Various pulmonary disease

University of Cincinnati Dyspnea Questionnaire (UCDQ)

x

-

Dyspnea

'The subjective perception of difficult or laboured breathing. Difficult breathing in patients with pulmonary disease has been cited as the single most important factor limiting their ability to function on a day-to-day basis'

- Speech

- Physical

- Combination

Leidy, 1999 [37]

COPD

Functional Performance Inventory (FPI)

x

-

Functional Status

'A multidimensional concept characterizing one's ability to provide for the necessities of life-those activities people do in the normal course of their lives meet basic needs, fulfil usual roles, and maintain their health and well-being'

- Functional capacity

- Functional performance

- Functional reserve

- Capacity utilization

Letrait, 1996 [38]

Astma

Asthma Impact Record (AIR) index

x

x

Asthma-related health status

Definition not reported

After interviews' patients (a priori):

- Physical activity (mobility)

- Symptoms

- Psychological,

- Social and

- Acceptability of the disease and treatment

After analysis (a posteriori):

- Physical activities

- Physical symptoms

- Psychological and

- Social dimension

Author, year

Population

Instrument

Article includes a conceptual framework

Main concept † and definition

Domains †

   

A priori

A posteriori

  

Maille, 1997 [39]

Asthma, Chronic Bronchitis and Emphysema

Quality of Life Respiratory Illness Questionnaire (QOL-RIQ)

x

x

(domains)

Disease-specific Quality of Life

Definition not reported

A priori:

- Physical and Functional status

- Psychological status

- Social functioning

A posteriori:

- Breathing problems

- Physical problems

- Emotions

- General activities

- Situations triggering or enhancing breathing problems

- Daily and domestic activities

- Social activities, relationship and sexuality

Migliore, 2006 [40]

COPD

Dyspnea Management Questionnaire (DMQ)

x

-

Dyspnea

'The perception and experienced of laboured, uncomfortable breathing derived from interactions among multiple physiological, psychological, social and environmental factors, and may induce secondary physiological and behavioural responses'

- Dyspnea and related anxiety with activities

- Appraisal of dyspnea coping skills

Author, year

Population

Instrument

Article includes a conceptual framework

Main concept † and definition

Domains †

   

A priori

A posteriori

  

Morimoto, 2003 [41]

COPD

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Activity Rating Scale (CARS)

x

-

Life-related activities

'The dimension that deals with all aspects of human life in accordance with the International Classification of Functioning and Disability'

- Self care

- Domestic,

- Outdoor and

- Social interaction

Morris, 1989 [42]

Elderly

IOWA Self-Assessment Inventory (ISAI)

x

-

Functional characteristics

Definition not reported

- Social resources

- Economic resources

- Mental health

- Physical health

- ADL

- Cognitive status

Schultz-Larsen, 1992 [43]

Elderly

Questionnaire of Functional Ability

x

-

Functional ability

Definition not reported

- Tiredness

- Reduced speed

Tu, 1997 [44]

COPD

The Seattle Obstructive Lung Disease Questionnaire (SOLQ)

x

-

Health-Related Quality of Life

Definition not reported

- Physical function

- Emotional function

- Coping skills

- Treatment satisfaction

Van der Molen, 2003 [45]

COPD

Clinical COPD Questionnaire (CCQ)

x

-

Health Related Quality of Life

'Functional effect of an illness and its consequent therapy upon a patient, as perceived by the patient'

- Functional status

- Symptoms

- Mental state

Author, year

Population

Instrument

Article includes a conceptual framework

Main concept † and definition

Domains †

   

A priori

A posteriori

  

Wigal, 1991 [46]

COPD

COPD Self-Efficacy Scale (CSES)

x

(main concept)

x

(domains)

Self efficacy

'Personal convictions people have regarding whether or not they feel they can successfully execute particular behaviours in order to produce certain outcomes'

- Negative affect

- Intense emotional arousal

- Physical exertion

- Weather/environment

- Behavioural risk factors

Zaragoza, 2009 [47]

COPD, asthma

The Quality of Life Questionnaire for Patients With Chronic Respiratory Disease (CV-PERC)

x

-

Health-Related Quality of Life

'The subjective perception of how a disease and its treatment affect different aspects of a patient's everyday life'

- Physical functioning

- Psychological functioning

- Social functioning

- Cognitive functioning

- Sexual functioning

- Perceived well-being and health

- Work functioning

Zisberg, 2005 [48]

Elderly

Scale of Older Adults' Routine (SOAR)

x

-

Routine

'Is a concept pertaining to strategically designed behavioural patterns used to organize and coordinate activities along the axes of time, duration, social and physical contexts, sequence and order'

- Basic activities

- Instrumental activities

- Rest

- Leisure activities

- Social participation and work

- Volunteering

  1. †In bold when the terms as we defined as "physical activity" if they are included in the main concept or domains.