Table 3 Construct Validity of the Chinese Version Scale Assessed by the Known-groups Method (Mean(SD))

N *

inpatient

outpatient

t †

P ‡

N §

mild

moderate

/severe

t †

P ‡

28/176

69.16

(15.49)

83.15

(10.27)

6.19

<0.001

141/63

84.56

(9.58)

73.77

(13.77)

6.45

<0.001

28/176

86.68

(11.63)

92.22

(8.88)

2.93

0.004

141/63

92.74

(8.65)

88.58

(10.61)

2.96

0.003

28/176

73.21

(21.91)

86.74

(17.19)

3.72

<0.001

141/63

86.29

(18.29)

81.75

(18.57)

1.63

0.104

28/173

81.55

(28.63)

90.17

(17.26)

2.21

0.029

138/63

89.73

(19.03)

87.30

(20.18)

0.82

0.410

50/287

68.41

(13.66)

81.69

(13.47)

6.42

<0.001

227/110

86.33

(9.99)

66.07

(11.98)

16.33

<0.001

50/287

81.05

(13.24)

91.30

(11.35)

5.75

<0.001

227/110

92.34

(10.50)

84.50

(13.70)

5.80

<0.001

50/261

73.83

(21.89)

90.05

(19.92)

5.19

<0.001

206/105

91.02

(18.90)

80.44

(23.34)

4.30

<0.001

40/269

74.66

(25.51)

88.79

(20.07)

4.33

<0.001

212/106

89.07

(20.29)

81.68

(23.24)

2.91

0.004