Predictors of health status do not change over three-year periods and exacerbation makes difference in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Table 4 Multiple linear regression model to evaluate predictors for total SGRQ after three years follow-up (n = 95)

Dependent variables	Coefficient (95% CI)	p-value
Male	-0.14 (-6.69, 6.40)	0.965
Age (y)	-0.16 (-0.67, 0.34)	0.525
Smoking	3.05 (-4.28, 10.39)	0.410
SpO₂ (%)	-0.27 (-0.89, 0.35)	0.389
FEV₁ (%)	-0.14 (-0.28, -0.01)	0.043
6MWD (m)	0.01 (-0.02, 0.05)	0.433
BMI (kg/m²)	0.27 (-0.26, 0.79)	0.315
MMRC (score)	9.99 (6.68, 13.30)	< 0.001
Charlson index (score)	-0.19 (-2.84, 2.45)	0.883
Number of exacerbations	1.29 (0.11, 2.47)	0.031

SpO₂: pulse oximetry; FEV₁: forced expiratory volume in the first second (% of predicted); 6MWD: six-minute walking distance; BMI: body mass index; MRC: Modified Medical Research Council; R² = 0.63; p < 0.05.

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