Association of hypoglycemic symptoms with patients' rating of their health-related quality of life state: a cross sectional study

Table 3 Factors associated with patients' rating of their health-related quality of life state (EuroQol Visual Analogue Scale) - adjusted linear regression analyses

Variable	Model 1*		Model 2 ^†
	Parameter Estimate	p -value	Parameter Estimate.	p -value
Hypoglycemic Symptoms (yes = 1)	-4.33	< 0.0001	-	-
Mild Symptoms (yes = 1)	-	-	-2.68	0.0039
Moderate Symptoms (yes = 1)	-	-	-6.42	< 0.0001
Severe Symptoms (yes = 1)	-	-	-16.09	< 0.0001
Age (in years)	-0.07	0.0841	-0.07	0.0917
Female (yes = 1)	-2.65	0.0015	-2.56	0.0021
No Regular Physical Activity (yes = 1)	-2.35	0.0106	-2.06	0.0243
Physical Activity 3-5 Times/Week (yes = 1)	5.08	< 0.0001	5.02	< 0.0001
Weight (in Kg, 0 if missing)	-0.09	< 0.0001	-0.09	0.0002
Missing Weight Indicator (yes = 1)	-11.88	< 0.0001	-11.53	< 0.0001
History of Microvascular Events (yes = 1)	-6.52	0.0191	-6.57	0.0175
History of Cardiovascular Events (yes = 1)	-2.71	0.0042	-2.69	0.0042
HbA_1C Level	-1.23	0.0011	-1.23	0.0010
Number of Observations	1558		1558

* The adjusted linear regression reported in model 1 is the result of a backward selection model technique applied on a model including all variables that were significant at p ≤ 0.20 in univariate analysis. Instead of the hypoglycemic symptom severity effects it contains an indicator for the experience of hypoglycemic symptoms. In addition to the variables reported above, the resulting model included indicators for Spain, France, UK, Finland, and Germany.
† The adjusted linear regression reported in model 1 is the result of a backward selection model technique applied on a model including all variables that were significant at p ≤ 0.20 in univariate analysis. Instead of the indicator for the experience of hypoglycemic symptoms it contains symptom severity effects with no hypoglycemic symptoms being the reference group. In addition to the variables reported above, the resulting model included indicators for Spain, France, UK, Finland, and Germany.