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Table 4 Effect size and standardized response mean QOLRAD questionnaire domains between visit 1 and visit 2.

From: Psychometric validation of the Dutch translation of the quality of life in reflux and dyspepsia (QOLRAD) questionnaire in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease

QOLRAD domain

Effect size*

Standardized response mean

Emotional distress

1.38

1.45

Sleep disturbance

1.40

1.41

Food/drink problems

1.93

1.86

Physical/social functioning

1.15

1.17

Vitality

1.74

1.76

  1. *An effect size ≥ 0.8 indicates a large responsiveness to change [18].
  2. QOLRAD, Quality of Life in Reflux and Dyspepsia.
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Health and Quality of Life Outcomes

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