Response shift, recall bias and their effect on measuring change in health-related quality of life amongst older hospital patients

Table 4 Mean change, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and limits of agreement (LOA) between change scores calculated from the patients' perspective with adjustment for recall bias and from the patients' perspective without adjustment for recall bias.

Measure	Patient perspective of change		ICC (95% CI)	Limits of agreement			p-value*
	With recall bias adjustment mean (95% CI)	Without recall bias adjustment mean (95% CI)		Lower LOA (95% CI)	Mean difference (95% CI)	Upper LOA (95% CI)
EQ-5D Utility	0.303 (0.232,0.375)	0.441 (0.367,0.518)	0.36 (0.18,0.52)	-0.979 (-1.063,-0.895)	-0.138 (-0.221,-0.054)	0.704 (0.620,0.787)	0.002*
EQ-5D VAS	11.0 (6.7,15.3)	26.7 (22.8,30.7)	0.50 (0.34,0.64)	-57.1 (-61.2,-53.0)	-15.7 (-19.8,-11.6)	25.7 (21.6,29.8)	< 0.001*

*A p-value < 0.05 indicates that a systematic difference exists (i.e. patient perspective of change adjusted for recall bias was consistently higher or consistently lower than when no adjustment for recall bias was made.

ISSN: 1477-7525