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Table 2 Characteristics of participants by OPQOL score tertiles in the total sample, among robust and frail participants.

From: Dimensions and correlates of quality of life according to frailty status: a cross-sectional study on community-dwelling older adults referred to an outpatient geriatric service in Italy

Variables

OPQOL score

Lowest tertile

OPQOL score

Intermediate tertile

OPQOL score

Highest tertile

Total Sample ( n = 239)

Score: 35-109

(n = 80)

Score: 110-122

(n = 84)

Score: 123-175

(n = 75)

 

Mean (SD) or % (n)

Mean (SD) or % (n)

Mean (SD) or % (n)

BADL scorea

3.6 (1.8)

4.3 (1.8)

5.3 (1.2)

IADLscoreb

3.3 (2.6)

4.1 (2.9)

5.7 (2.4)

MMSE scorec

24.7 (5.7)

25.1 (4.6)

26.7 (4.0)

GDS scored

15.5 (7.1)

10.5 (6.8)

7.8 (5.2)

Depression

71 (57)

50 (42)

32 (24)

Being frail (SOF criteria)

56 (45)

30 (25)

11 (8)

Any fall in the past year

40 (32)

30 (25)

21 (16)

Number of drugs taken

6.1 (3)

5.3 (2.6)

4.7 (2.9)

Robust participants ( n = 72)

Score: 35-120

(n = 25)

Score: 121-131

(n = 23)

Score: 132-175

(n = 24)

 

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

BADL score

4.5 (1.8)

5.2 (1.4)

5.6 (0.7)

IADL score

4.2 (3.4)

5 (2.5)

6.8 (1.5)

MMSE score

23.3 (5)

24.5 (5.0)

28.3 (2.9)

Body Mass Index (Kg/m2)

24.6 (3.9)

25 (2.8)

27.5 (4.6)

Frail participants ( n = 78)

Score: 35-101

(n = 28)

Score: 102-113

(n = 25)

Score: 114-175

(n = 25)

 

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Age (years)

81.9 (6.3)

83.8 (5.8)

85.0 (5.0)

GDS score

16.1 (7.8)

14.1 (7.1)

10.0 (5.0)

  1. OPQOL = Older People's Quality of Life questionnaire; SOF = Study of Osteoporotic Fractures.
  2. Notes: Reported in this table are only the variables significantly related to the OPQOL score in a linear way at p < 0.05; All the variables concerning the analysis on the total sample and their p-values are reported in the Additional file 2.
  3. a) Basic Activities of Daily Living. Score range 0 - 6. Higher scores indicate greater independence. All 6 specific BADLs turned out to be related to OPQOL score.
  4. b) Instrumental Activities of Daily Living. Score range 0-8. Higher scores indicate greater independence. All 8 specific IADLs turned out to be related to OPQOL score.
  5. c) Mini Mental State Examination. Score range 0 - 30. Higher scores indicate better cognitive function. Scores are corrected for age and education.
  6. d) Thirty item - Geriatric Depression Scale. Score range 0 - 30. Higher scores indicate worse depressive status. This variable was analysed only in participants without dementia or suffering from mild dementia: 63 subjects belonging to the "lowest tertile" group, 70 subjects to the "intermediate tertile" group and 70 subjects to the "highest tertile" group.