Table 1 Characteristics of participants by frailty status (n = 239).
Variables | Robust (n= 72) | Pre-Frail (n= 89) | Frail (n= 78) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Mean (SD) or % ( n ) | Mean (SD) or % ( n ) | Mean (SD) or % ( n ) |
Age (years) | 79.4 (6.2) | 81.5 (6.2) | 83.5 (5.8) |
Civil status | Â | Â | Â |
    Unmarried | 5 (4) | 21 (19) | 9 (7) |
    Married | 49 (35) | 24 (21) | 31 (24) |
    Divorced | 4 (3) | 6 (5) | 4 (3) |
    Widowed | 42 (30) | 49 (44) | 57 (44) |
No caregiver | 49 (35) | 46 (41) | 23 (18) |
Informal Caregiver: Spouse | 26 (19) | 9 (8) | 17 (13) |
Informal Caregiver: Child | 19 (14) | 36 (32) | 41 (32) |
Paid personal assistance | 10 (7) | 14 (12) | 24 (19) |
Living alone | 36 (26) | 55 (49) | 41 (32) |
Any hospital admission in the past year | 6 (4) | 16 (14) | 24 (19) |
BADL score a | 5.1 (1.4) | 4.7 (1.5) | 3.3 (1.8) |
IADL score b | 5.3 (2.8) | 4.8 (2.8) | 2.8 (2.2) |
GDS score c | 7.4 (4.8) | 12.2 (7.6) | 13.3 (7.1) |
CIRS m score d | 3.7 (1.6) | 4.2 (1.7) | 5.0 (2.0) |
Any osteomuscular disease | 39 (28) | 57 (51) | 77 (60) |
Depression | 31 (22) | 58 (51) | 64 (50) |
Number of drugs taken | 4.4 (2.7) | 5.4 (2.8) | 6.4 (2.9) |
OPQOL total score e | 125.9 (13.2) | 115.6 (13.9) | 107.4 (12.6) |
    Life overall | 14.9 (2.4) | 13.0 (2.8) | 12.0 (3.2) |
    Health | 12.9 (2.6) | 10.5 (2.8) | 8.2 (2.8) |
   Social relationships and participation | 17.8 (3.2) | 17.2 (3.3) | 17.2 (3.5) |
    Independence, control over life, freedom | 14.2 (2.9) | 12.4 (3) | 10.7 (2.8) |
    Home and neighbourhood | 16.7 (2.2) | 15.9 (2.4) | 15.3 (1.8) |
    Psychological and emotional well-being | 15.1 (2.5) | 13.7 (2.9) | 12.6 (2.6) |
   Financial circumstances | 13.5 (3.2) | 13.1 (3.0) | 12.8 (3.3) |
    Leisure, activities and religion | 20.8 (3.5) | 19.7 (3.1) | 18.7 (2.5) |