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Table 2 Socio-demographic characteristics of global sample, and the reproducibility and improvement sub-samples.

From: Validation of the "World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule, WHODAS-2" in patients with chronic diseases

 

All patients baseline, n = 1190

Stable at 6 weeks, n = 404

Improved at 3 months, n = 131

Sex, n (%)

 

*

*

   Male

520 (43.8%)

205 (50.7%)

45 (34.4%)

   Female

666 (56.2%)

199 (49.3%)

86 (65.6%)

Age, mean (SD)

   
 

52.7 (15.6)

53.4 (16.0)

54.5 (14.5)

Marital status, n (%)

   

   Never married

233 (20.0%)

71 (17.9%)

20 (15.6%)

   Currently married

659 (56.6%)

247 (62.4%)

68 (53.1%)

   Separated

40 (3.4%)

7 (1.8%)

4 (3.1%)

   Divorced

73 (6.3%)

22 (5.6%)

14 (10.9%)

   Widowed

92 (7.9%)

30 (7.6%)

14 (10.9%)

   Cohabiting

68 (5.8%)

19 (4.8%)

8 (6.3%)

Highest level of education, n (%)

 

*

 

   No formal schooling

4 (0.4%)

1 (0.3%)

1 (0.8%)

   Less than primary school

28 (2.5%)

5 (1.3%)

4 (3.2%)

   Primary school completed

241 (21.9%)

90 (22.8%)

39 (31.5%)

   Secondary school completed

256 (23.2%)

106 (26.9%)

39 (31.5%)

   High school (or equivalent) completed

281 (25.5%)

108 (27.4%)

16 (12.9%)

   College/University completed

266 (24.1%)

79 (20.1%)

23 (18.5%)

   Postgraduate degree completed

26 (2.4%)

5 (1.3%)

2 (1.6%)

Current job, n (%)

 

*

 

   Government employee

132 (11.5%)

43 (11.1%)

20 (15.4%)

   Non-government employee

221 (19.3%)

69 (17.8%)

26 (20.0%)

   Self-employed

99 (8.6%)

37 (9.6%)

13 (10.0%)

   Employer

32 (2.8%)

11 (2.8%)

2 (1.5%)

   Not working for pay

663 (57.8%)

227 (58.7%)

69 (53.1%)

Health conditions, n (%)

 

*

 

   Bipolar

114 (9.6%)

4 (1.0%)

---

   Depression

83 (7.0%)

15 (3.7%)

19 (14.5%)

Musculo-skeletal conditions

297 (25.0%)

57 (14.1%)

27 (20.6%)

Osteoarthritis

19 (1.6%)

---

---

Osteoporosis

87 (7.3%)

17 (29.8%)

4 (14.8%)

Rheumatoid Arthritis

24 (2.0%)

11 (19.3%)

3 (11.1%)

Chronic Widespread Pain (CWP)

49 (4.1%)

12 (21.1%)

9 (33.3%)

Low Back Pain (LBP)

118 (9.9%)

17 (29.8%)

11 (40.7%)

   Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD)

100 (8.4%)

76 (18.8%)

12 (9.2%)

   Migraine

102 (8.6%)

---

28 (21.4%)

   Parkinson Disease

96 (8.1%)

48 (12.4%)

---

   Multiple-Sclerosis

100 (8.4%)

37 (9.2%)

---

   Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)

100 (8.4%)

50 (12.4%)

1 (0.8%)

   Stroke

198 (16.6%)

67 (16.6%)

44 (33.6%)

  1. * p < 0.05 (between the distribution of patients included and not included on that sub-sample)