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Table 1 A summary of the five GHQ models

From: A Rasch and confirmatory factor analysis of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) - 12

Items

GHQ-12

Two factor1

Three factor2

GHQ-83

GHQ-6

  

Positive

Negative

Social Dysfunction

Anxiety/Depression

Confidence

Social Dysfunction

Anxiety/Depression

 

Been able to concentrate

*

*

 

*

     

Lost much sleep over worry

*

 

*

 

*

    

Felt that you are playing a useful part

*

*

 

*

     

Felt capable of making decisions

*

*

 

*

  

*

  

Felt constantly under strain

*

 

*

 

*

   

*

Felt you couldn't overcome your difficulties

*

 

*

 

*

  

*

*

Been able to enjoy your normal activities

*

*

 

*

  

*

  

Been able to face up to your problems

*

*

 

*

  

*

 

*

Been feeling unhappy and depressed

*

 

*

 

*

  

*

*

Been losing confidence in yourself

*

 

*

  

*

 

*

*

Been thinking of yourself as worthless

*

 

*

  

*

 

*

 

Been feeling reasonably happy

*

*

 

*

  

*

 

*

  1. 1Andrich & van Schoubroeck (1989)
  2. 2Graetz (1991)
  3. 3Kalliath et al. (2004)