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Table 2 The association between weak sense of coherence and nephropathy, severe retinopathy and HbA1c level.

From: The cross-sectional associations between sense of coherence and diabetic microvascular complications, glycaemic control, and patients' conceptions of type 1 diabetes

 

Nephropathy

Severe retinopathy

HbA 1c ≥7.5%

 

Men

Women

Men

Women

Men and women combined

Model 1

     

   Weak SOC

1.97 (1.26 - 3.08)

1.07 (0.69 - 1.66)

1.53 (1.01 - 2.33)

1.15 (0.81 - 1.63)

1.44 (1.06 - 1.97)

   Gender, 1 = male

NA

NA

NA

NA

0.84 (0.65 - 1.08)

Model 2

     

   Weak SOC

1.97 (1.15 - 3.05)

1.03 (0.65 - 1.62)

1.39 (0.85 - 2.27)

1.20 (0.80 - 1.81)

1.43 (1.04 - 1.95)

   Gender, 1 = male

NA

NA

NA

NA

0.83 (0.64 - 1.08)

   Diabetes duration, years

1.07 (1.05 - 1.09)

1.04 (1.02 - 1.06)

1.11 (1.09 - 1.13)

1.10 (1.08 - 1.12)

0.99 (0.98 - 1.00)

   Age at onset, years

0.99 (0.97 - 1.01)

0.95 (0.92 - 0.98)

0.99 (0.97 - 1.01)

0.94 (0.92 - 0.97)

0.99 (0.98 - 1.01)

Model 3

     

   Weak SOC

2.11 (1.13 - 3.95)

0.80 (0.44 - 1.45)

1.15 (0.63 - 2.11)

1.23 (0.75 - 2.03)

1.52 (1.07 - 2.17)

   Gender, 1 = male

NA

NA

NA

NA

0.86 (0.64 - 1.15)

   Diabetes duration, years

1.10 (1.07 - 1.13)

1.04 (1.01 - 1.06)

1.12 (1.09 - 1.15)

1.11 (1.08 - 1.13)

0.99 (0.98 - 1.01)

   Age at onset, years

1.00 (0.94 - 1.03)

0.95 (0.92 - 0.99)

1.00 (0.97 - 1.03)

0.95 (0.92 - 0.98)

1.00 (0.98 - 1.01)

   Low SES, 1 = yes

1.50 (0.76 - 2.97)

1.96 (0.95 - 4.05)

1.14 (0.59 - 2.21)

1.39 (0.70 - 2.75)

0.81 (0.54 - 1.23)

   HbA1c

1.37 (1.12 - 1.69)

1.32 (1.08 - 1.61)

1.36 (1.11 - 1.67)

1.17 (0.97 - 1.40)

NA

  1. Data are presented as odds ratio (95% confidence interval). Weak SOC, weak sense of coherence; Low SES, low socioeconomic status (unskilled blue collar workers); NA, not applicable. Logistic regression analysis. Significant results are highlighted in bold.