Table 1 Baseline demographics and clinical characteristics
Characteristic | Change analysis sample* (N = 535) | Excluded (N = 149) | Total sample (N = 684) | p-value†|
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (mean years, SD) | 59.3 ± 10.8 | 59.3 ± 10.8 | 59.3 ± 10.8 | 0.97 |
Gender (n, %) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Male | 343 (64.1%) | 90 (60.4%) | 433 (63.3%) | 0.44 |
   Female | 192 (35.9%) | 59 (39.6%) | 251 (36.7%) |  |
Ethnicity (n, %) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Caucasian | 438 (81.9%) | 94 (63.1%) | 532 (77.8%) | <0.0001 |
   African descent | 42 (7.9%) | 28 (18.8%) | 70 (10.2%) |  |
   East/Southeast Asian | 21 (3.9%) | 6 (4.0%) | 27 (3.9%) |  |
   Hispanic | 17 (3.2%) | 20 (13.4%) | 37 (5.4%) |  |
   Other | 17 (3.2%) | 1 (0.7%) | 18 (2.6%) |  |
Type of diabetes (n, %) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Type 1 | 64 (12.0%) | 16 (10.7%) | 80 (11.7%) | 0.77 |
   Type 2 | 471 (88.0%) | 133 (89.3%) | 604 (88.3%) |  |
Duration of diabetes (years; mean ± SD) | 16.3 ± 8.3 | 15.1 ± 7.5 | 16.0 ± 8.1 | 0.11 |
Body mass index (kg/m2; mean ± SD) | 32.8 ± 6.9 | 32.8 ± 9.1 | 32.8 ± 7.4 | 0.95 |
ETDRS visual acuity rating (letters; mean ± SD) |  |  |  |  |
   Best eye | 81.3 ± 8.2 | 80.1 ± 8.6 | 81.1 ± 8.3 | 0.12 |
   Worst eye | 72.2 ± 15.0 | 69.3 ± 17.2 | 71.6 ± 15.6 | 0.06 |
   Right eye | 77.5 ± 12.2 | 75.6 ± 12.0 | 77.1 ± 12.2 | 0.08 |
   Left eye | 76.0 ± 13.6 | 73.9 ± 16.8 | 75.6 ± 14.3 | 0.15 |