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Table 2 Comparisons of scores on main variables by group (n = 52 per group)

From: Do quality of life, participation and environment of older adults differ according to level of activity?

Continuous variables

G1 Mean (SD)

G2 Mean (SD)

G3 Mean (SD)

p value

1. Quality of life (QLI;/30)

    

   - Health and functioning

23.2 (2.7) a

20.1 (4.0) b

16.5 (3.8)

< 0.001 c

   - Socio-economic

23.1 (2.8) a

21.2 (3.3)

20.3 (3.5)

< 0.001 c

   - Psychological/spiritual

23.4 (2.4) d

22.8 (3.7)

21.6 (3.3)

0.009 e

   - Family

23.6 (4.0)

23.7 (5.2)

23.2 (4.0)

0.83c

Total score

23.3 (2.3) a

21.5 (3.1) b

19.6 (2.9)

< 0.001 c

2. Participation (Life-H)

    

• Accomplishment scale (/9)

    

   - Daily activities

8.3 (0.4) a

7.3 (0.7) b

5.4 (0.9)

< 0.001 e

   - Social roles

8.6 (0.6) a

7.1 (1.4) b

5.1 (1.1)

< 0.001 e

• Satisfaction scale (/5)

    

   - Daily activities

4.2 (0.3) a

4.0 (0.4) b

3.5 (0.4)

< 0.001 c

   - Social roles

4.2 (0.3) a

4.0 (0.4) b

3.6 (0.5)

< 0.001 c

3. Environment (MQE)

    

• Facilitators

    

   - Physical (# of items;/40)

21.3 (8.1) f

25.3 (5.4) b

22.3 (5.1)

0.003 e

Weighted number

50.8 (22.0)

56.5 (12.1) b

49.2 (11.9)

0.009 e

   - Social (# of items;/69)

29.6 (7.8)

32.3 (6.2)

30.4 (6.4)

0.13c

Weighted number

67.3 (20.3)

68.8 (14.7)

66.6 (17.4)

0.77e

• Obstacles

    

   - Physical (# of items;/40)

6.8 (3.9) a

9.0 (4.3)

10.9 (4.0)

< 0.001 c

Weighted number

11.5 (8.3) a

17.0 (10.1) b

22.7 (10.6)

< 0.001 e

   - Social (# of items;/69)

1.4 (1.3)

2.3 (3.3)

2.5 (3.0)

0.03 e

Weighted number

2.3 (2.4) d

4.5 (7.3)

4.8 (6.8)

0.009 e

  1. G1: SMAF < 5 G2: SMAF [5, 19] G3: SMAF > 19
  2. a : G1 differs significantly from the other two groups on these variables (p < 0.017).
  3. b : G2 differs significantly from G3 on these variables (p < 0.017).
  4. c : p value associated with ANOVA. A significant value (p < 0.05) indicates a difference between the three groups.
  5. d : G1 differs significantly only from G3 on these variables (p < 0.017).
  6. e : p value associated with Welch F-ratio. A significant value (p < 0.05) indicates a difference between the three groups.
  7. f : G1 differs significantly only from G2 on this variable (p < 0.017).
  8. QLI: Quality of Life Index (normal range = 23.0; SD = 4.0) Life-H: Assessment of Life Habits (normal range for daily activities = 8.1; SD = 0.5 and for social roles = 8.2; SD = 0.8) MQE: Measure of the Quality of the Environment