Table 3 Multivariable linear regression analyses of factors impacting EQ-5D scores in SHIELD baseline respondents*

Beta coefficient

SE

Beta coefficient

SE

Diabetes risk group

Low risk

9.02†

0.45

0.049†

0.004

High risk

3.18†

0.39

0.009†

0.004

Type 2 diabetes

(reference)

(reference)

Age (yrs)

18–24

5.69†

0.94

0.052†

0.008

25–34

0.39

0.63

0.011

0.006

35–44

(reference)

(reference)

45–54

- 0.65

0.51

- 0.025†

0.005

55–64

- 0.34

0.54

- 0.033†

0.005

65–74

2.82†

0.58

- 0.011†

0.005

≥75

- 0.45

0.64

- 0.031†

0.006

Gender

Female

- 1.16†

0.32

- 0.029†

0.003

Male

(reference)

(reference)

Race

White

(reference)

(reference)

Black

1.20†

0.59

0.014†

0.005

Other

- 1.66

0.96

- 0.015

0.009

Household Income ($) per year

<22,500

- 13.03†

0.49

- 0.121†

0.004

22,500–39,999

- 6.68†

0.49

- 0.066†

0.004

40,000–59,999

- 3.62†

0.50

- 0.037†

0.004

60,000–89,999

- 1.71†

0.49

- 0.020†

0.004

≥90,000

(reference)

(reference)

Geographic region

Northeast

2.70†

0.80

0.029†

0.007

Middle Atlantic

2.34†

0.58

0.026†

0.005

East North Central

2.28†

0.56

0.021†

0.005

West North Central

2.58†

0.70

0.023†

0.006

South Atlantic

1.87†

0.54

0.015†

0.005

East South Central

0.42

0.73

- 0.002

0.007

West South Central

1.75†

0.63

0.014†

0.006

Mountain

1.03

0.74

0.011

0.007

Pacific

(reference)

(reference)

Household size (no. of members)

1

(reference)

(reference)

2

- 0.77

0.43

- 0.009†

0.004

3

- 1.68†

0.53

- 0.018†

0.005

4

- 1.05

0.59

- 0.010†

0.005

≥5

- 2.52†

0.64

- 0.022†

0.006

Body mass index (kg/m²) group

Underweight

- 3.12†

1.43

- 0.017

0.013

Normal weight

(reference)

(reference)

Overweight

- 1.33†

0.46

- 0.007

0.004

Obese

- 6.57†

0.47

- 0.047†

0.004