The Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS): development and UK validation

Table 3 WEMWBS scores across demographic groups: population sample

Variable	N	Median (95% CI)	p
Total	1749	51 (51–52)
Sex
Male	783	52 (51–52)	< 0.05
Female	966	51 (50–52)
Age in years
16 – 24	176	53 (52–53)	< 0.01^KW
25 – 34	245	51 (50–53)
35 – 44	353	51 (49–52)
45 – 54	306	50 (49–51)
55 – 64	334	52 (51–53)
65 – 74	274	52 (51–54)
75+	61	51 (49–54)
Tenure
Own out right	523	52 (52–53)	< 0.01^KW
Own with a mortgage	705	52 (51–52)
Rent	519	50 (49–51)
Self-perceived health status
Very good	563	54 (54–55)	< 0.01^J
Good	753	51 (51–52)
Fair	319	47 (46–49)
Poor	84	44 (40–46)
Very poor	29	41 (36–47)
Employment Status ^
In work	968	52 (51–52)	< 0.01^KW
Student	82	52 (50–54)
Retired	465	51 (50–52)
Unemployed	154	49 (47–51)
Other	79	46 (43–50)
Marital Status *
Single	188	51 (49–53)	< 0.01^KW
Married/Living as couple	418	52 (51–53)
Widowed/Divorced/Separated	155	49 (46–51)
Gross household income, pa *
< £5000	55	48 (44–53)	< 0.01^J
5000 – 14999	198	49 (47–51)
15000 – 29999	180	53 (51–54)
30000+	173	51 (49–53)
Terminal Education Age *
< 16	228	52 (50–53)	< 0.05^KW
16 – 18	355	50 (49–51)
19+	181	53 (51–54)
Chief Income Earner Social Grade *
A	38	55 (51–57)	< 0.01^J
B	84	50 (48–53)
C1	217	51 (50–53)
C2	193	53 (51–54)
D	101	50 (47–52)
E	124	47 (44–51)

* Tests conducted on a reduced set of patients. Variable only recorded in the HEPS survey.
95% CI = 95% confidence interval of the median
^KW = p-value generated from a Kruskal-Wallis test.
^J = p-value generated from a Jonckheere's tests for ordered alternatives.
^ = test conducted excluding the Other category

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