Table 3 Mean IMPACT and DISTRESS scores for the 23 PIPP items, and gender differences using age as a covariate
From: Impact, distress and HRQoL among Malaysian men and women with a mobility impairment
IMPACT | DISTRESS | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total N = 210 | Males N = 94 | Females N = 116 | p value | Total N = 210 | Males N = 94 | Females N = 116 | p value | |
Mobility | ||||||||
Sit or stand | 4.0 ± 1.7 | 4.1 ± 1.7 | 4.0 ± 1.7 | .262 | 3.1 ± 1.7 | 3.2 ± 1.8 | 3.1 ± 1.5 | .483 |
Carry things | 3.9 ± 1.8 | 4.3 ± 1.7 | 3.5 ± 1.7 | .034 | 2.9 ± 1.7 | 3.1 ± 1.8 | 2.8 ± 1.7 | .671 |
Use a vehicle | 3.7 ± 1.9 | 4.3 ± 1.8 | 3.2 ± 1.8 | .042 | 2.9 ± 1.9 | 3.4 ± 1.9 | 2.5 ± 1.7 | .024 |
Move around own house | 3.2 ± 1.9 | 3.5 ± 1.9 | 3.1 ± 1.8 | .005 | 2.6 ± 1.7 | 2.7 ± 1.8 | 2.5 ± 1.7 | .099 |
Move around neighborhood | 3.8 ± 1.9 | 4.2 ± 1.9 | 3.5 ± 1.9 | .005 | 2.9 ± 1.9 | 3.3 ± 1.9 | 2.6 ± 1.8 | .001 |
Self-Care | ||||||||
Wash self | 2.4 ± 1.8 | 2.7 ± 1.9 | 2.1 ± 1.7 | .001 | 2.1 ± 1.6 | 2.4 ± 1.8 | 1.9 ± 1.4 | .018 |
Use the toilet | 2.9 ± 2.0 | 3.0 ± 2.1 | 2.9 ± 1.9 | .021 | 2.5 ± 1.8 | 2.7 ± 2.0 | 2.3 ± 1.6 | .022 |
Dress self | 2.3 ± 1.8 | 2.5 ± 1.9 | 2.0 ± 1.6 | .012 | 2.0 ± 1.6 | 2.2 ± 1.8 | 1.8 ± 1.3 | .017 |
Feed self | 1.9 ± 1.6 | 2.1 ± 1.8 | 1.7 ± 1.4 | .093 | 1.7 ± 1.4 | 1.9 ± 1.6 | 1.5 ± 1.2 | .241 |
Relationships | ||||||||
Relate to people in authority | 3.0 ± 2.0 | 3.3 ± 2.0 | 2.8 ± 2.0 | .039 | 2.5 ± 1.8 | 2.8 ± 1.8 | 2.2 ± 1.7 | .087 |
Relate to neighbors and friends | 2.8 ± 1.8 | 3.0 ± 1.9 | 2.6 ± 1.7 | .009 | 2.3 ± 1.6 | 2.5 ± 1.7 | 2.2 ± 1.5 | .048 |
Relate to relatives | 2.7 ± 1.8 | 2.9 ± 1.9 | 2.6 ± 1.7 | .012 | 2.3 ± 1.6 | 2.3 ± 1.7 | 2.2 ± 1.6 | .013 |
Have close relationships | 2.1 ± 1.7 | 2.2 ± 1.8 | 1.9 ± 1.5 | .080 | 2.0 ± 1.6 | 2.2 ± 1.8 | 2.7 ± 1.3 | .038 |
Participation | ||||||||
Assist other family members | 3.3 ± 1.9 | 3.8 ± 2.0 | 2.8 ± 1.8 | <.001 | 2.6 ± 1.8 | 2.9 ± 2.0 | 2.3 ± 1.5 | .004 |
Participate in family activities | 2.4 ± 1.8 | 2.6 ± 1.9 | 2.2 ± 1.7 | .016 | 2.1 ± 1.6 | 2.3 ± 1.8 | 1.8 ± 1.4 | .025 |
Participate in community activities | 4.0 ± 1.9 | 4.2 ± 1.8 | 3.9 ± 2.0 | .008 | 3.2 ± 1.9 | 3.5 ± 2.0 | 2.9 ± 1.8 | .004 |
Participate in activities you enjoy | 4.0 ± 1.8 | 4.4 ± 1.7 | 3.7 ± 1.9 | .008 | 3.2 ± 1.8 | 3.5 ± 1.8 | 2.9 ± 1.8 | .013 |
Work | 4.2 ± 2.0 | 4.8 ± 1.7 | 3.5 ± 2.0 | .006 | 3.1 ± 1.9 | 3.8 ± 2.0 | 2.3 ± 1.6 | .012 |
Psychological well-being | ||||||||
Overall satisfaction with life | 3.7 ± 1.6 | 3.9 ± 1.7 | 3.5 ± 1.5 | .010 | 3.2 ± 1.6 | 3.5 ± 1.7 | 2.9 ± 1.6 | .002 |
Moods and feelings | 3.2 ± 1.6 | 3.4 ± 1.6 | 3.1 ± 1.5 | .093 | 3.0 ± 1.7 | 3.3 ± 1.8 | 2.7 ± 1.6 | .025 |
Sense of confidence | 2.9 ± 1.7 | 3.3 ± 1.8 | 2.7 ± 1.6 | .013 | 2.7 ± 1.7 | 3.0 ± 1.8 | 2.4 ± 1.6 | .013 |
Independence | ||||||||
Live independently | 3.4 ± 2.0 | 3.7 ± 2.0 | 3.1 ± 2.0 | .004 | 3.0 ± 1.9 | 3.3 ± 2.0 | 2.6 ± 1.8 | <.001 |
Reliance on others | 3.4 ± 1.9 | 3.6 ± 1.8 | 3.2 ± 1.9 | .017 | 2.9 ± 1.8 | 3.2 ± 1.9 | 2.6 ± 1.7 | .035 |