Structural ambiguity of the Chinese version of the hospital anxiety and depression scale in patients with coronary heart disease

Table 1 Characteristics of each factor model tested

Model	Number of factors	Clinical population	n	Factor extraction method ^#
Zigmond and Snaith (1983)	2	Medical	100	No factor analysis
Moorey et al. (1991)	2	Cancer	568	PCA
Dunbar et al. (2000)	3	Non-clinical	2,547⁺	CFA
Friedman et al. (2001)*	3	Depressed	2,669	PCA
Razavi et al. (1990)	1	Cancer	210	PCA
Caci et al. (2003)**	3	Non-clinical	195	CFA
	FLI1**	FLI2	FLI3
Zigmond and Snaith (1983)	1,3,5,7,9,11,13	2,4,6,8,10,12,14	---------
Moorey et al. (1991)	1,3,5,9,11,13	2,4,6,7,8,10,12,14	---------
Dunbar et al. (2000)	1,5,7,11	2,4,6,7,8,10,12,14
Friedman et al. (2001)*	1,7,11	2,4,6,8,10,12,14	3,5,9,13
Razavi et al. (1990)	All items	---------	---------
Caci et al. (2003)**	1,3,5,9,13	2,4,6,8,10,12	7,11,14

*The three-factors are correlated in this model. ** Two models based on Caci et al. are tested, the second model removing item 10. ⁺Based on CFA of three independent samples of N = 894, 829 and 824, the total cohort in this study is 2,547. ^#PCA: Principal Components Analysis; CFA: Confirmatory Factor Analysis. **FLI: Factor Loading Items. The HADS items loading on each model tested.

ISSN: 1477-7525