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Table 1 Characteristics of each factor model tested

From: An investigation into the psychometric properties of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale in patients with breast cancer

Model

No. Factors

Population

n

Extraction method

FLI1**

FLI2

FLI3

Zigmond et al(1983)

2

Medical

100

None

1,3,5,7,9,11,13

2,4,6,8,10,12,14

----

Moorey et al. (1991)

2

Cancer

568

PCA

1,3,5,9,11,13

2,4,6,7,8,10,12,14

-----

Dunbar et al (2000)

3

Non-clin

2,547+

CFA

1,5,7,11

2,4,6,7,8,10,12,14

3,9,13

Friedman et al. (2001)*

3

Depressed

2,669

PCA

1,7,11

2,4,6,8,10,12,14

3,5,9,13

Razavi et al. (1990)

1

Cancer

210

PCA

All items

---------

---------

Brandberg et al. (1992)

3

Cancer

273

PCA

3,5,9,13

2,4,6,8,10,12

1,7,11,14

  1. *The three-factors are correlated in this model. +Based on CFA of three independent samples of N = 894, 829 and 824, the total cohort in this study is 2,547.
  2. #PCA: Principal Components Analysis; CFA: Confirmatory Factor Analysis. **FLI: Factor Loading Items. The HADS items loading on each model tested.