From: Ethnic differences in health related quality of life for patients with type 2 diabetes
Unadjusted β [Robust SE] (n = 1706) | Partially adjusted β [Robust SE] (n = 1654) | Fully adjusted β [Robust SE] (n = 1545) | |
---|---|---|---|
Ethnicity (Referent = White Europeans) | |||
All South Asians | -0.06 [0.02]** | 0.02 [0.02] | 0.06 [0.04] |
Age (years) | -0.002 [0.001]* | -0.002 [0.001]** | |
Gender (Referent = Male) | |||
Female | -0.10 [0.02]** | -0.10 [0.02]** | |
Marital status (Referent = Single) | |||
Married | -0.08 [0.03]** | -0.07 [0.03]* | |
Widowed | -0.03 [0.04] | -0.02 [0.04] | |
Divorced | -0.14 [0.07]* | -0.18 [0.06]** | |
Ethnicity (Referent = White Europeans) | |||
Carstairs index (Referent = 10.0-17.0) | |||
-5 – 0.49 | 0.20 [0.03]** | 0.05 [0.03] | |
0.5 – 3.9 | 0.16 [0.03]** | 0.02 [0.03] | |
4.0 – 6.9 | 0.10 [0.03]** | 0.01 [0.03] | |
7.0 – 9.9 | 0.08 [0.03]** | 0.04 [0.03] | |
Smoking status (Referent = Non Smoker) | |||
Current smoker | -0.02 [0.02] | ||
Ex-smoker | -0.05 [0.02]* | ||
Alcohol use (Referent = No) | |||
Yes | 0.003 [0.02] | ||
BMI score (Referent 18.5 – 24.9) | |||
< 18.5 | -0.19 [0.13] | ||
25.0 – 29.9 | -0.02 [0.02] | ||
30.0 – 34.9 | -0.08 [0.02]** | ||
35.0 – 39.9 | -0.14 [0.03]** | ||
>40.0 | -0.18 [0.04]** | ||
Duration of diabetes (Referent = 0-1 years) | |||
2 – 5 years | -0.04 [0.02] | ||
6 – 10 years | -0.04 [0.03] | ||
11 – 15 years | -0.06 [0.03] | ||
>15 years | -0.04 [0.03] | ||
Tablets | -0.004 [0.02] | ||
Insulin | -0.08 [0.04]* | ||
Tablets and Insulin | -0.05 [0.03] | ||
Family history of diabetes (Referent = No) | |||
Yes | 0.01 [0.02] | ||
History of chronic heart disease (Referent = No) | |||
Yes | -0.07 [0.02]** | ||
Albumin concentration (Referent = Normal) | |||
Microalbuminuria | 0.03 [0.02] | ||
Proteinuria | -0.03 [0.04] | ||
Constant | 0.73 [0.01]** | 0.79 [0.05]** | 0.89 [0.08]** |