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Table 6 Outcome measures of clinical, functional and quality-of-life outcomes

From: The effect of continuous passive motion and sling exercise training on clinical and functional outcomes following total knee arthroplasty: a randomized active-controlled clinical study

 

Pretest

Posttest‡

Follow-up‡

Variable

ST

CPM

ST

CPM

Mean difference

ST

CPM

Mean difference

 

(n = 19)

(n = 19)

(n = 19)

(n = 19)

(95% CI)

(n = 19)

(n = 19)

(95% CI)

HSS score, %

       

Pain

10.8 (6.9)

14.5 (7.4)

24.3 (6.4)

22.3 (6.4)

1.9 (−2.5, 6.4)

23.1 (6.1)

20.9 (6.1)

2.2 (−2.0, 6.4)

Function

13.7 (4.1)

15.1 (4.2)

9.7 (3.4)

10.0 (3.4)

−0.3 (−2.6, 2.0)

16.7 (3.1)

17.7 (3.1)

−1.1 (−3.2, 1.1)

Strength

10.0 (0.0)

9.9 (0.5)

8.9 (1.3)

9.7 (1.3)

−0.9 (−1.7, 0.0)†

10.0 (0.0)

10.0 (0.0)

-

Instability

9.6 (1.2)

9.6 (1.2)

10.0 (0.0)

10.0 (0.0)

-

10.0 (0.0)

10.0 (0.0)

-

FlexDeform

9.1 (1.9)

8.7 (2.3)

10.0 (0.0)

10.0 (0.0)

-

10.0 (0.0)

10.0 (0.0)

-

ROM

13.9 (1.6)

13.1 (2.4)

12.3 (1.0)

11.5 (1.0)

0.8 (0.2, 1.5)*

12.7 (1.8)

12.9 (1.8)

−0.2 (−1.4, 1.1)

Total

66.3 (11.8)

69.9 (11.8)

71.6 (9.7)

70.8 (9.7)

0.8 (−5.8, 7.4)

81.6 (10.2)

79.2 (10.2)

2.4 (−4.5, 9.4)

SF-36 score, %

        

Physical health

32.9 (16.2)

30.3 (13.5)

40.0 (14.0)

37.6 (14.0)

2.5 (−6.9, 11.9)

52.5 (19.7)

52.6 (19.7)

0.1 (−13.3, 13.2)

Mental health

66.3 (19.8)

57.8 (20.5)

68.1 (18.1)

66.2 (18.1)

1.6 (−10.6, 13.9)

72.7 (18.2)

69.4 (18.2)

3.2 (−9.0, 15.6)

Total

49.9 (15.1)

44.0 (15.4)

50.9 (14.3)

52.3 (14.3)

−1.4 (−11.1, 8.3)

63.5 (16.3)

61.3 (16.3)

2.2 (−8.8, 13.2)

WOMAC score, %

       

Pain

8.9 (3.3)

9.5 (3.9)

15.2 (3.7)

14.9 (3.7)

0.3 (−2.2, 2.8)

15.2 (3.6)

14.7 (3.6)

0.42 (−2.03, 2.87)

Stiffness

4.6 (2.0)

4.0 (1.9)

6.0 (1.5)

6.4 (1.5)

−0.4 (−1.4, 0.6)

5.5 (1.6)

5.1 (1.6)

0.31 (−0.75, 1.37)

FD

32.3 (9.2)

34.7 (8.7)

44.9 (12.9)

43.7 (12.9)

1.2 (−7.5, 9.9)

49.4 (8.3)

47.2 (8.3)

2.22 (−3.40, 7.83)

Total

47.9 (13.6)

46.8 (18.2)

69.6 (18.1)

67.3 (18.1)

2.3 (−9.8, 14.4)

73.2 (12.5)

67.7 (12.5)

5.51 (−2.83, 13.86)

  1. Abbreviations: ST, sling exercise training group; CPM, continuous passive motion group; HSS score, Hospital for Special Surgery Knee Score; FlexDeform, flexion deformity; ROM, range of motion; SF-36, Short Form Health Survey; WOMAC score, Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Score; FD, functional difficulty.
  2. *denotes a significant difference (P ≤ 0.025); †denotes a statistical tendency (P ≤ 0.100). ‡ANCOVA: adjusted for baseline, sex, weight and age.
  3. Values of the pretest are presented as mean (standard deviation). Values of the posttest and follow-up-measurement are presented as estimated marginal means (standard deviation).
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