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Table 5 Outcome measures for pain and physical activity

From: The effect of continuous passive motion and sling exercise training on clinical and functional outcomes following total knee arthroplasty: a randomized active-controlled clinical study

 

Pretest

Posttest‡

Follow-up‡

Parameter

ST

CPM

ST

CPM

Mean difference

ST

CPM

Mean difference

 

(n = 19)

(n = 19)

(n = 19)

(n = 19)

(95% CI)

(n = 19)

(n = 19)

(95% CI)

Pain

n/a

n/a

1.22 (1.73)

1.78 (1.73)

−0.56 (−1.73, 0.60)

n/a

n/a

n/a

Length of hospital stay, d

  

9.99 (0.31)

10.52 (0.32)

−0.53 (−1.47, 0.41)

   

Physical activity

       

Lying/sitting, h

n/a

n/a

112.0 (3.4)

111.5 (3.4)

0.5 (−1.8, 2.8)

134.4 (9.1)

132.3 (9.1)

2.2 (−4.0, 8.2)

Standing, h

n/a

n/a

7.1 (2.7)

6.1 (2.7)

1.0 (−0.8, 2.8)

25.3 (6.0)

25.5 (6.0)

−0.2 (−4.2, 3.8)

Stepping, h

n/a

n/a

1.4 (0.80)

1.3 (0.80)

0.1 (−0.5, 0.6)

9.5 (3.6)

9.4 (3.6)

0.1 (−2.3, 2.6)

Sit to stand transition, n

n/a

n/a

156.4 (56.3)

129.2 (56.3)

27.2 (−10.9, 65.2)

330.5 (102.4)

320.8 (102.4)

9.7 (−59.0, 78.4)

Step count, n

n/a

n/a

4685 (3087)

4151 (3087)

534 (−1555, 2624)

42037 (14412)

36203 (14412)

5834 (−3836, 15504)

  1. Abbreviations: ST, sling exercise training group; CPM, continuous passive motion group; n/a, not available.
  2. ‡ANCOVA: pain was adjusted for sex, weight, age and physical activity; length of hospital stay was adjusted for sex, weight, age, pain and physical activity; the posttest-values of physical activity were adjusted for sex, weight, age and the follow-up-values were adjusted for sex, weight and age.
  3. Values are presented as estimated marginal means (standard deviation).
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