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Table 5 ICF categories referring to environmental factors

From: What explains health in persons with visual impairment?

ICF code

ICF category title

Total sample(N = 105)

Sample stratified by VI-category#

 

Barrier§

Facilitator§t

Moderate (n = 40)

Severe (n = 25)

High-grade (n = 14)

Blindness (n = 26)

Sum 1-4

Sum 1-4

Sum 1-4

Sum 1-4

  

n

n

n

%

%

%

%

%

e125

Products and technology for communication

4

94

98

95.1

90.0

100.0

100.0

96.2

e540

Transportation services, systems and policies

14

79

93

90.3

85.0

91.7

84.6

100.0

e240

Light

36

57

93

89.4

90.0

96.0

100.0

76.9

e355

Health professionals

9

84

93

89.4

100.0

80.0

100.0

76.9

e410

Individual attitudes of immediate family members

6

87

93

89.4

90.0

88.0

76.9

96.2

e580

Health services, systems and policies

34

58

92

89.3

82.1

92.0

92.3

96.2

e450

Individual attitudes of health professionals

12

77

89

85.6

90.0

80.0

76.9

88.5

e130

Products and technology for education

2

86

88

85.4

75.0

87.5

84.6

100.0

e310

Immediate family

2

86

88

84.6

90.0

76.0

84.6

84.6

e420

Individual attitudes of friends

4

80

84

80.8

77.5

72.0

69.2

100.0

e460

Societal attitudes

29

53

82

78.8

70.0

68.0

92.3

96.2

e220

Flora and fauna

1

76

77

74.0

72.5

72.0

53.8

88.5

e320

Friends

1

74

75

72.1

62.5

68.0

76.9

88.5

e150

Design, construction and building products and technology of buildings for public use

43

30

73

71.6

66.7

66.7

61.5

88.5

e425

Individual attitudes of acquaintances, peers, colleagues, neighbours and community members

12

61

73

70.2

67.5

64.0

61.5

84.6

e115

Products and technology for personal use in daily living

3

66

69

67.0

60.0

54.2

61.5

88.5

e120

Products and technology for personal indoor and outdoor mobility and transportation

3

66

69

67.0

60.0

58.3

53.8

92.3

e155

Design, construction and building products and technology of buildings for private use

31

36

67

64.4

60.0

52.0

61.5

84.6

e585

Education and training services, systems and policies

31

36

67

64.4

15.4

29.2

30.8

76.9

e325

Acquaintances, peers, colleagues, neighbours and community members

3

63

66

63.5

67.5

44.0

53.8

80.8

e250

Sound

47

18

65

63.1

50.0

66.7

53.8

84.6

e570

Social security services, systems and policies

26

39

65

62.5

60.0

68.0

53.8

65.4

e535

Communication services, systems and policies

9

55

64

62.1

50.0

70.8

53.8

76.9

e560

Media services, systems and policies

8

56

64

62.1

52.5

75.0

53.8

69.2

e415

Individual attitudes of extended family members

10

53

63

60.6

57.5

68.0

69.2

53.8

e225

Climate

42

19

61

58.7

65.0

56.0

53.8

53.8

e110

Products or substances for personal consumption

8

52

60

58.3

52.5

50.0

53.8

76.9

e575

General social support services, systems and policies

23

34

57

54.8

47.5

56.0

46.2

69.2

e465

Social norms, practices and ideologies

24

27

51

49.0

37.5

48.0

53.8

65.4

e315

Extended family

7

41

48

46.2

45.0

52.0

38.5

46.2

e140

Products and technology for culture, recreation and sport

 

47

47

45.6

45.0

33.3

53.8

53.8

e590

Labour and employment services, systems and policies

25

16

41

41.0

20.5

41.7

30.8

79.2

e455

Individual attitudes of health-related professionals

3

31

34

33.0

22.5

25.0

53.8

46.2

e430

Individual attitudes of people in positions of authority

14

18

32

30.8

20.0

36.0

23.1

46.2

e135

Products and technology for employment

 

30

30

29.1

20.0

16.7

15.4

61.5

e330

People in positions of authority

9

17

26

25.0

10.0

28.0

30.8

42.3

e525

Housing services, systems and policies

10

14

24

23.1

15.0

16.0

15.4

46.2

e360

Other professionals

3

20

23

22.3

12.5

16.7

30.8

38.5

e340

Personal care providers and personal assistants

2

20

22

21.2

22.5

16.0

15.4

26.9

e550

Legal services, systems and policies

6

12

18

17.5

7.5

16.7

30.8

26.9

e440

Individual attitudes of personal care providers and personal assistants

2

16

18

17.3

20.0

12.0

0.0

26.9

  1. ICF categories are reported that were coded as at least a mild barrier or facilitator in more than five percent of participants, ordered by frequency (n). Results are shown for total sample and stratified by VI-category.
  2. VI = visual impairment.
  3. §1: mild facilitator/barrier, 2: moderate facilitator/barrier, 3: substantial facilitator/barrier, 4: complete facilitator/barrier.
  4. #Moderate VI: BCVA 20/63 - 20/200, Severe VI: BCVA 20/200 - 1/20, High-grade VI: BCVA 1/20 - 1/50, Blindness: BCVA ≤ 1/50.