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Table 3 Multivariate association between educational level and ‘moderate/severe problems’: participants with a chronic disease

From: Health-related quality of life and socioeconomic status: inequalities among adults with a chronic disease

 

Odds ratio (p-value) for low educational level a

Moderate or severe problems concerning …

 

Mobility

Self-care

Usual activities

Pain/discomf.

Anxiety/depression

At least 1 dimension

Total sample

1.56*

1.87*

1.72*

1.45*

1.22*

1.39*

 

(<0.0001)

(<0.0001)

(<0.0001)

(<0.0001)

(0.0012)

(<0.0001)

Chron. diseaseb

      

Muscul.

1.30

2.11*

1.63*

0.95

1.10

0.81

System

(0.0998)

(0.0072)

(0.0038)

(0.8340)

(0.5968)

(0.4364)

Hypertension

1.02

1.49

1.53*

1.26

0.97

1.37

 

(0.8887)

(0.1642)

(0.0170)

(0.1773)

(0.8862)

(0.0798)

Diabetes

1.58*

2.15*

2.26*

1.00

2.24*

1.47

Mellitus

(0.0484)

(0.0329)

(0.0007)

(0.9994)

(0.0018)

(0.1730)

Heart disease

1.93*

3.18*

2.05*

1.83*

1.48

1.77

 

(0.0181)

(0.0031)

(0.0077)

(0.0464)

(0.1707)

(0.0824)

Rheumatism

1.72

1.72

1.55

2.15

1.21

2.09

 

(0.0692)

(0.2001)

(0.1530)

(0.0843)

(0.5512)

(0.1963)

Headache/

1.91

2.28

3.04*

2.04*

1.73

1.79

Migraine

(0.0712)

(0.1777)

(0.0101)

(0.0488)

(0.1403)

(0.1157)

Any of

1.39*

2.36*

1.72*

1.32*

1.20

1.31*

These six

(0.0012)

(<0.0001)

(<0.0001)

(0.0132)

(0.0957)

(0.0235)

Any chronic

1.49*

2.07*

1.61*

1.31*

1.25*

1.28*

Disease

(<0.0001)

(<0.0001)

(<0.0001)

(0.0028)

(0.0145)

(0.0120)

  1. *Significant at the 5% level.
  2. a)Comparison group ‘high educational level’, adjusted for age and sex.
  3. b)See Table 1.