Variable | Impact on family’s OHRQoL | Bivariate | Multivariate | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Present n (%) | Absent n (%) | Unadjusted | Adjusted | |||
PR* | PR † | |||||
p-value | p-value | |||||
(95% CI) | (95% CI) | |||||
Sex | ||||||
Female | 106 (26.0) | 301 (74.0) | 1.00 | - | - | |
Male | 115 (26.4) | 321 (73.6) | 0.913 | 1.013 (0.807-1.270) | - | - |
Age | ||||||
3 years | 66 (24.0) | 209 (76.0) | 1.00 | - | - | |
4 years | 85 (25.4) | 249 (74.6) | 0.681 | 1.060 (0.802-1.402) | - | - |
5 years | 70 (29.9) | 164 (70.1) | 0.133 | 1.246 (0.935-1.662) | - | - |
1 st level | ||||||
Type of preschool | ||||||
Public | 131 (28.7) | 325 (71.3) | 0.074 | 1.235 (0.980-1.557) | - | - |
Private | 90 (23.3) | 297 (76.7) | 1.00 | - | - | |
Mother’s schooling | ||||||
≤ 8 years of study | 117 (30.2) | 271 (69.8) | 0.019 | 1.311 (1.045-1.644) | - | - |
> 8 years of study | 104 (23.0) | 348(77.0) | 1.00 | - | - | |
Monthly household income | ||||||
≤ 1 minimum salary | 132 (29.9) | 310 (70.1) | 0.023 | 1.318 (1.039-1.673) | - | - |
> 1 minimum salary | 82 (22.7) | 280 (77.3) | 1.00 | - | - | |
Parent’s/guardian’s age | ||||||
≤ 30 years | 120 (28.4) | 302 (71.6) | 0.080 | 1.232 (0.975-1.557) | - | - |
> 30 years | 93 (23.1) | 310 (76.9) | 1.00 | - | - | |
Number of residents in home | ||||||
< 6 | 176 (25.2) | 523 (74.8) | 1.00 | - | - | |
≥ 6 | 43 (33.3) | 86 (66.7) | 0.046 | 1.324 (1.005-1.744) | - | - |
Birth order | ||||||
Only child | 55 (20.9) | 208 (79.1) | 1.00 | - | - | |
Oldest child | 39 (31.7) | 84 (68.3) | 0.020 | 1.516 (1.068-2.152) | - | - |
Middle child | 27 (26.0) | 77 (74.0) | 0.290 | 1.241 (0.832-1.853) | - | - |
Youngest child | 98 (28.1) | 251 (71.9) | 0.046 | 1.343 (1.006-1.792) | - | - |
2 nd level | ||||||
Perception of general health | ||||||
Good | 157 (23.1) | 523 (76.9) | 1.00 | - | - | |
Poor | 61 (38.4) | 98 (61.6) | <0.001 | 1.662 (1.307-2.113) | - | - |
Perception of oral health | ||||||
Good | 88 (15.7) | 472 (84.3) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Poor | 133 (47.2) | 149 (52.8) | <0.001 | 3.001 (2.389-3.770) | <0.001 | 2.116 (1.624-2.757) |
3 rd level | ||||||
Dental caries | ||||||
Absent | 35 (12.4) | 248 (87.6) | 1.00 | - | - | |
Present | 186 (33.2) | 374 (66.8) | <0.001 | 2.686 (1.928-3.742) | - | - |
Cavitated lesions | ||||||
Absent/white spots | 55 (12.5) | 386 (87.5) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Cavitated anterior teeth | 14 (24.1) | 44 (75.9) | 0.013 | 1.935 (1.152-3.252) | 0.079 | 1.586 (0.949-2.651) |
Cavitated posterior teeth | 73 (39.7) | 111 (60.3) | <0.001 | 3.181 (2.345-4.315) | <0.001 | 2.380 (1.679-3.372) |
Cavitated anterior and posterior teeth | 79 (49.4) | 81 (50.6) | <0.001 | 3.959 (2.954-5.306) | <0.001 | 2.809 (2.009-3.926) |
TDI | ||||||
Absent | 143 (25.9) | 410 (74.1) | 1.00 | - | - | |
Present | 74 (25.9) | 212 (74.1) | 0.996 | 1.001 (0.786-1.274) | - | - |
Type of TDI | ||||||
Discolouration | 32 (33.0) | 65 (67.0) | 0.080 | 1.322 (0.968-1.805) | 0.054 | 1.326 (0.995-1.766) |
Avulsion and/or luxation | 4 (36.4) | 7 (63.6) | 0.352 | 1.457 (0.660-3.217) | 0.006 | 2.448 (1.288-4.653) |
Enamel + dentine fracture | 9 (21.4) | 33 (78.6) | 0.614 | 0.858 (0.474-1.554) | 0.877 | 1.048 (0.582-1.885) |
Enamel fracture and without trauma | 172 (25.0) | 517 (75.0) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Malocclusion | ||||||
Absent | 81 (27.6) | 212 (72.4) | 0.386 | 1.110 (0.877-1.405) | - | - |
Present | 136 (24.9) | 410 (75.1) | 1.00 | - | - | |
Anterior crossbite | ||||||
Absent | 207 (25.5) | 606 (74.5) | 1.00 | - | - | |
Present | 9 (39.1) | 14 (60.9) | 0.107 | 1.537 (0.911-2.593) | - | - |
Anterior open bite | ||||||
Absent | 166 (25.7) | 481 (74.3) | 0.950 | 1.009 (0.759-1.341) | - | - |
Present | 45 (25.4) | 132 (74.6) | 1.00 | - | - | |
Posterior crossbite | ||||||
Absent | 548 (74.9) | 184 (25.1) | 1.00 | - | - | |
Unilateral | 27 (29.0) | 66 (71.0) | 0.408 | 1.155 (0.821-1.625) | - | - |
Bilateral | 5 (55.6) | 4 (44.4) | 0.009 | 2.210 (1.216-4.017) | - | - |
Increased overbite | ||||||
Absent | 185 (27.8) | 481 (72.2) | 0.006 | 1.688 (1.164-2.449) | - | - |
Present | 26(16.5) | 132(83.5) | 1.00 | - | - | |
Increased overjet | ||||||
Absent | 128 (27.2) | 342 (72.8) | 0.298 | 1.133 (0.896-1.432) | - | - |
Present | 88 (24.0) | 278 (76.0) | 1.00 | - | - |