Table 3 Characteristics of the study population and principal results from OHRQoL studies in preschool children (studies involving children aged 6 have also been included)
Study design | Study sample | Age of the sample | Sample size n (response rate) | OHRQOL instrument and method of administration | Parental characteristics studied | Significant parental characteristics in unadjusted analysis | Significant parental characteristics in adjusted analysis | Insignificant parental characteristics | Quality | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CS | Preschool children who sought dental care during the screening program at University of Sao Paulo, Brazil | 2-5 | 260 (85.2%) | ECOHIS questionnaire by one of the parent | Number of siblings | Household crowding | Family income | Number of siblings | Moderate | [22] |
Marital status of parents | Mother’s work activity | Marital status of parents | ||||||||
Household crowding | Family income | House property | ||||||||
House property | Mother’s age | |||||||||
Family income | Father’s age | |||||||||
Mothers’ age | Mother’s education | |||||||||
Father’s age | Father’s education | |||||||||
Mother’s education | Father’s work activity | |||||||||
Father’s education | ||||||||||
Father’s work activity away from home | ||||||||||
Mother’s work activity away from home | ||||||||||
Prospective cohort | Interview data from Carolina oral health literacy project | 3-5 | 203 | ECOHIS questionnaire by caregivers | Caregiver’s oral health literacy | Caregiver’s age (inversely related to ECOHIS) | Not conducted | None | Moderate | [27] |
Caregiver's age | Caregiver’s education (inversely related to ECOHIS) | |||||||||
Caregiver’s education | Caregiver’s oral health literacy (weakly correlated with ECOHIS) | |||||||||
(no p values provided for the relationship between any of the variables and children’s OHRQoL) | ||||||||||
CS | Children and mothers of city of Pelotas, Brazil | 2-5 | 608 (88.7%) | ECOHIS questionnaire by mothers | Maternal dental anxiety | Maternal dental anxiety for total ECOHIS score, child’s function and parent distress domain | Maternal dental anxiety for parent distress domain | Family income | Moderate | [30] |
Family income | Mother’s education | Mother’s education for total ECOHIS score | ||||||||
Mother’s education | Mother’s use of dental services | Mother’s use of dental service for child’s function domain and total ECOHIS | ||||||||
Mother’s use of dental services | ||||||||||
CS | Public prescool/nurseries children of Canoas, Brazil | 2-5 | 1245 (90.2%) | ECOHIS questionnaire by caregivers | Mother’s age | None | None | Mother’s age | Moderate | [33] |
Family structure (nuclear/non-nuclear) | Family structure | |||||||||
Mother’s education | Mother’s education | |||||||||
Family income | Family income | |||||||||
CS | Children of Diamentina, Brazil | 2-5 | 638 (98.1%) | ECOHIS by interviewing any of the parent | Marital status of parents | None | Mother’s age | Marital status of parents | Moderate | [38] |
Household crowding | Household crowding | |||||||||
Mother’s age | Number of siblings | |||||||||
Number of siblings | Mother’s education | |||||||||
Mother’s education | Father’s education | |||||||||
Father’s education | Family income | |||||||||
Family income | ||||||||||
CS | Pre-school children of city of Belo Horizontem, Brazil. | 5 | 1412 (96.3%) | ECOHIS questionnaire by caregivers | Child’s position (single child/others) | Child’s position | For child impact section (CIS) of ECOHIS | For CIS of ECOHIS | Moderate | [48] |
Caregiver’s age | Caregiver’s age | Child’s position | Caregiver’s education | |||||||
Caregiver’s education | Caregiver’s education | Caregivers age | Caregiver’s relationship to the child | |||||||
Caregiver’s relationship to the child (Mother/others) | Social vulnerability index | Household income | Social Vulnerability Index | |||||||
Household income | Household income | For Family impact section (FIS)of ECOHIS | For FIS of ECOHIS | |||||||
Social Vulnerability Index (a measure for socioeconomic status based on the residence) | Caregivers age | Child’s position | ||||||||
Household income | Caregiver’s education | |||||||||
Caregiver’s relationship to the child | ||||||||||
Social Vulnerability Index | ||||||||||
CS | Chinese preschool children in Hong Kong | 3-5 | 1296 (96.5%) | ECOHIS questionnaire by parents or caregivers | Relationship of the primary caregiver to the child (Mother /other family member) | Caregiver’s education for only symptom domain of ECOHIS | Household income on family impact section of ECOHIS | Relationship of caregiver to the child on overall ECOHIS, FIS and CIS. | Moderate | [52] |
Caregiver’s education | Income level for only symptom domain of ECOHIS | Caregiver’s education for other domains of the ECOHIS except symptoms, overall ECOHIS, FIS and CIS | ||||||||
Household income | ||||||||||
Income level for other domains of the ECOHIS except symptoms, overall ECOHIS, FIS and CIS | ||||||||||
CS | Preschool children of Patumwan district, Bangkok, Thailand | 5-6 | 503 (100% ) | Modified Child-OIDP questionnaire by subjects | Family structure (Living with parents/Living with single parents or others) | Hometown of the parents | Occupation of the head of the household | Family structure | Moderate | [35] |
Hometown of parents (Both were from Bangkok/either was from Bangkok/both were from other places) | Occupation of the head of the household | |||||||||
Occupation of the head of the household | ||||||||||
CS | Kindergarten children of Buenos Aires metropolitan area, Argentina | Not provided | 95 (69.8%) | ECOHIS questionnaire by parents | Family SES or poverty related factors based on parent’s/caregiver’s education, family work conditions and oral health care coverage | SES or poverty related factors on family impact section of ECOHIS | Not conducted | None | Poor | [83] |