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Table 4 Using Rasch analysis with rating scale model in differential item functioning analysis

From: Measurement equivalence and feasibility of the EORTC QLQ-PR25: paper-and-pencil versus touch-screen administration

 

EORTC QLQ-PR25

Paper

Computer

Differential item functioning

 

Items ranked by difficulty

Difficulty

SE

Difficulty

SE

Difficulty

SE

p-value

Urinary symptoms (US) a

       

US37

Painful voiding (least frequent)

−3.055

0.369

−2.790

0.321

−0.266

0.489

0.588

US39

Limitation of daily activities because of US

−1.035

0.250

−1.306

0.251

0.271

0.354

0.445

US36

Urinary incontinence

−0.199

0.225

−0.349

0.226

0.150

0.319

0.638

US35

Need to remain close to toilet

−0.149

0.223

−0.346

0.226

0.197

0.318

0.536

US31

Urinary frequency in daytime

0.599

0.210

1.261

0.200

−0.662

0.290

0.024

US34

Sleep deprivation because of US

1.118

0.206

0.766

0.207

0.352

0.292

0.229

US33

Urinary urgency

1.118

0.206

1.420

0.198

−0.302

0.286

0.292

US32

Nocturia (most frequent)

1.537

0.204

1.301

0.199

0.236

0.285

0.410

Bowel symptoms (BS) a

       

BS42

Fecal blood (least frequent)

−0.656

0.413

−0.839

0.404

0.183

0.578

0.752

BS41

Fecal incontinence

−0.656

0.413

−0.535

0.377

−0.120

0.559

0.830

BS40

Limitation of daily activities because of BS

0.437

0.339

0.313

0.328

0.124

0.472

0.793

BS43

Bloated feeling (most frequent)

0.879

0.327

1.026

0.315

−0.147

0.454

0.747

Treatment-related symptoms (TS) a

       

TS45

Breast tenderness (least frequent)

−1.676

0.384

−1.489

0.381

−0.187

0.541

0.731

TS46

Swelling in legs or ankles

−0.449

0.257

−0.151

0.247

−0.298

0.357

0.406

TS44

Hot flushes

−0.384

0.253

−0.812

0.301

0.429

0.393

0.277

TS47

Bother due to weight loss

−0.035

0.234

0.284

0.221

−0.320

0.322

0.322

TS48

Bother due to weight gain

0.668

0.200

0.515

0.209

0.153

0.289

0.598

TS49

Felt less masculine (most frequent)

1.756

0.165

1.677

0.167

0.078

0.235

0.739

Sexual activity (SX) b

       

SX50

Sexual interest (more likely)

−0.977

0.334

−1.338

0.315

0.362

0.459

0.432

SX51

Sexual activity (less likely)

0.968

0.344

1.359

0.330

−0.391

0.477

0.414

Sexual functioning (SX) b,c

       

SX55

Sexual comfort (more likely)

−1.945

0.303

−1.408

0.270

−0.537

0.406

0.189

SX54

No ejaculation problems

−0.607

0.228

−0.257

0.220

−0.350

0.316

0.272

SX53

No erectile problems

−0.047

0.210

−0.047

0.214

0.000

0.299

1.000

SX52

Sexual enjoyment (less likely)

2.441

0.220

1.888

0.192

0.552

0.292

0.061

  1. aRaw responses: 1: Very much; 2: Quite a bit; 3: A little; 4: Not at all, higher score means less frequent symptom.
  2. bRaw responses: 4: Very much; 3: Quite a bit; 2: A little; 1: Not at all, higher score means more activity/functioning.
  3. cSexual functioning items are conditional and only applicable to those being sexually active. A total of 48 patients reported being sexually active in this study.
  4. Difficulty: Item difficulty, higher difficulty means worse HRQOL/more frequent symptom.
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