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Figure 1 | Health and Quality of Life Outcomes

Figure 1

From: Latent variables may be useful in pain’s assessment

Figure 1

Latent variables Pd and Ps*. CES-D = Centers for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale; CFI = Comparative Fit Index; DF = degrees of freedom; H-EPESE = Hispanic Established Population for Epidemiological Studies in the Elderly; PADL = self reported pain-related functional limitations; Pd = depression-related pain report; PMD = self reported pain-related doctor visits; PMED = self reported pain-related medication use; Ps = somatic-related pain report; RMSEA = Root Mean Statistical Error Assessment; PSLP = self-reported pain-related sleep disturbance. *All observed variables are adjusted for age, gender, the number of prescribed pain medications, Mini-mental State Exam scores, body mass index, living alone and adequacy of monthly financial support (covariates not shown for clarity).

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