Table 2 Sociodemographic, clinical, functional and psychological characteristics of COPD patients with and without ED visits or hospitalizations in the first and the second year of follow-up
1st year | 2nd year | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ED visits | Hospitalizations | ED visits | Hospitalizations | |||||
0 | ≥1 | 0 | ≥1 | 0 | ≥1 | 0 | ≥1 | |
n = 79 | n = 21 | n = 87 | n = 13 | n = 79 | n = 21 | n = 81 | n = 19 | |
Sociodemographic variables | ||||||||
Age, year | 66.0 ± 7.9 | 65.5 ± 10.2 | 65.3 ± 8.7 | 70.1 ± 5.0 | 65.2 ± 8.8 | 68.7 ± 6.1 | 65.3 ± 8.6 | 69.0 ± 6.8 |
Female, n (%) | 5 (6) | 2 (9) | 7 (8) | 0 (0) | 6 (7) | 1 (5) | 6 (7) | 1 (5) |
Age at diagnosis, year | 56.8 ± 9.1 | 55.4 ± 7.5 | 56.7 ± 8.8 | 55.8 ± 8.3 | 56.1 ± 8.7 | 58.5 ± 9.0 | 56.3 ± 8.8 | 57.7 ± 8.7 |
Disease duration, year | 9.1 ± 7.3 | 9.6 ± 7.7 | 8.4 ± 6.8 | 14.3 ± 8.8* | 9.0 ± 6.9 | 10.1 ± 8.8 | 8.8 ± 7.0 | 10.8 ± 8.5 |
Active smoking, n (%) | 15(19) | 8 (38)** | 20(23) | 3(23) | 19(24) | 4(19) | 17 (22) | 5 (26) |
Mean pack-year | 63.0 ± 25.1 | 59.6 ± 27.3 | 62.9 ± 25.1 | 58.1 ± 28.3 | 63.2 ± 2.2 | 59.1 + 27.0 | 61.1 ± 24.6 | 67.4 ± 29.2 |
Education level, n (%) | ||||||||
Illiterate/Primary School | 52 (66) | 16 (76) | 57 (66) | 11 (85) | 52 (66) | 16 (76) | 52 (64) | 16 (84) |
Secondary School/University | 27 (34) | 5 (24) | 30 (34) | 2 (15) | 27 (34) | 5 (24) | 29 (36) | 3 (16) |
Socioeconomic level, n (%) | ||||||||
Low/Medium-low | 31 (39) | 13 (62) ** | 36 (41) | 8 (61)** | 34 (43) | 10 (48) | 34 (42) | 10 (53) |
Medium-medium/Medium-high/High | 48 (61) | 8 (38) | 51 (59) | 5 (39) | 45 (57) | 11 (52) | 47 (58) | 9 (47) |
Employment status, n (%) | ||||||||
Working | 11 (14) | 4 (19) | 15 (17) | 0 (0) | 14 (18) | 1 (5) | 15 (18) | 0 |
Retired/Disability | 68 (86) | 17 (81) | 72 (83) | 13 (100) | 65 (82) | 20 (95) | 66 (81) | 19 (100)* |
Place of residence, n (%) | ||||||||
Rural | 21 (27) | 5 (24) | 24 (28) | 2 (15) | 23 (29) | 3 (14) | 21 (26) | 5 (26) |
Urban | 58 (73) | 16 (76) | 63 (72) | 11 (85) | 56 (71) | 18 (86) | 60 (74) | 14 (74) |
Marital status n (%) | ||||||||
Married/unmarried partner | 65 (82) | 18 (86) | 73 (84) | 10 (77) | 66 (83) | 17 (81) | 67 (83) | 16 (84) |
Single/separated/divorced/widowed | 14 (18) | 3 (14) | 14 (16) | 3 (23) | 13 (16) | 4 (19) | 14 (17) | 3 (16) |
Clinical-functional variables | ||||||||
BMI, kg/m2 | 28.4 ± 4.6 | 26.0 ± 4.1** | 28.2 ± 4.5 | 25.4 ± 4.4** | 28.3 ± 4.6 | 26.1 ± 4.3 | 28.1 ± 4.6 | 26.7 ± 4.7 |
MRC dyspnea scale, n (%) | ||||||||
Grade 0-1-2 | 68 (86) | 15 (72) | 74 (85) | 12 (92) | 66 (84) | 17 (81) | 69 (85) | 14 (74) |
Grade 3-4 | 11 (14) | 6(28) | 13 (15) | 1 (8) | 13 (16) | 4 (19) | 12 (15) | 5 (26) |
Spirometry | ||||||||
FVC post (%) | 92.9 ± 2.0 | 89.5 ± 21.2 | 92.0 ± 21.5 | 93.4 ± 25.8 | 91.6 ± 21.2 | 94.7 ± 25.2 | 93.7 ± 22.5 | 85.7 ± 18.2 |
FEV1 post (%) | 59.5 ± 19.3 | 57.5 ± 20.5 | 59.9 ± 18.8 | 54.0 ± 23.6 | 59.3 ± 18.3 | 58.2 ± 24.3 | 60.8 ± 19.6 | 51.7 ± 17.6 |
6MWT, m | 394.2 ± 86.5 | 341.1 ± 120.7** | 395.1 ± 83.6 | 302.3 ± 136.3† | 393.1 ± 88.4 | 345.1 ± 117.0 | 396.8 ± 83.8 | 324.1 ± 124.3† |
BODE index (0–10) | 1.9 ± 1.9 | 2.8 ± 2.5 | 1.87 ± 1.8 | 3.8 ± 2.5* | 2.0 ± 1.8 | 2.5 ± 2.7 | 1.9 ± 1.8 | 3.2 ± 2.4* |
GOLD classification | ||||||||
GOLD 1-2 | 46 (58) | 12 (57) | 53 (61) | 5 (38) | 48 (61) | 10 (48) | 49 (60) | 9 (47) |
GOLD 3-4 | 33 (42) | 9 (43) | 34 (39) | 8 (62) | 31 (39) | 11 (52) | 32 (40) | 10 (53) |
Hospitalizations previous year | 0.3 ± 0.7 | 1.0 ± 1.8* | 0.25 ± 0.6 | 1.6 ± 2.1Ŧ | 0.3 ± 0.6 | 1.0 ± 1.8† | 0.2 ± 0.5 | 1.5 ± 1.9Ŧ |
ED visits previous year | 1.0 ± 1.6 | 0 ± 1.7 | 1.0 ± 1.5 | 2.2 ± 3.2 | 1.2 ± 1.9 | 1.2 ± 1.9 | 1.0 ± 1.5 | 1.9 ± 2.8 |
Psychological variables | ||||||||
HADS anxiety | 3.3 ± 3.2 | 5.9 ± 5.9 | 3.8 ± 3.9 | 4.1 ± 5.3 | 4.0 ± 3.9 | 3.3 ± 4.5 | 4.0 ± 4.1 | 3.3 ± 4.1 |
HADS depression | 3.6 ± 3.5 | 5.5 ± 47 | 3.9 ± 3.7 | 4.5 ± 4.8 | 4.0 ± 3.9 | 3.8 ± 3.9 | 3.9 ± 3.7 | 4.3 ± 4.4 |