1st year | 2nd year | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ED visits | Hospitalizations | ED visits | Hospitalizations | |||||
0 | ≥1 | 0 | ≥1 | 0 | ≥1 | 0 | ≥1 | |
n = 94 | n = 14 | n = 100 | n = 8 | n = 101 | n = 7 | n = 105 | n = 3 | |
Sociodemographic variables | ||||||||
Age, year | 51.5 ± 18.3 | 50.4 ± 17.1 | 51.0 ± 18.4 | 56.5 ± 12.2 | 51.5 ± 18.4 | 49.1 ± 13.2 | 51.5 ± 17.9 | 46.3 ± 26.1 |
Female, n (%) | 48 (51) | 12 (86)* | 54 (54) | 6 (75) | 54 (53) | 6 (86) | 58 (55) | 2 (67) |
Age at diagnosis, year | 30.7 ± 21.7 | 28.1 ± 22.1 | 29.8 ± 21.8 | 37.0 ± 20.7 | 30.7 ± 22.0 | 24.8 ± 16.2 | 30.4 ± 21.6 | 26.6 ± 30.9 |
Disease duration, year | 17.0 ± 15.6 | 22.5 ± 19.3 | 17.8 ± 16.2 | 16.7 ± 16.1 | 17.2 ± 16.1 | 24.3 ± 16.3 | 17.6 ± 16.4 | 20.0 ± 5.3 |
Active smoking, n (%) | 8 (8.5) | 2 (14) | 10 (10) | 0 (0) | 9 (10) | 1 (11) | 10 (9) | 0 (0) |
Mean pack-year | 12.3 ± 6.8 | 9 ± 7.4 | 11.9 ± 6.8 | 11.0 ± 12.7 | 11.8 ± 6.9 | 12.3 ± 9.3 | 12.0 ± 6.9 | 5.0 ± 0.1 |
Education level, n (%) | ||||||||
Illiterate/Primary School | 48 (51) | 9 (64) | 51 (51) | 6 (75) | 53 (52) | 4 (57) | 56 (53) | 1 (33) |
Secondary School/University | 46 (49) | 5 (36) | 49 (49) | 2 (25) | 48 (48) | 3 (43) | 49 (47) | 2 (67) |
Socioeconomic level, n (%) | ||||||||
Low/Medium-low | 31 (33) | 2 (14) | 30 (30) | 3 (37.5) | 31 (31) | 2 (29) | 33 (31) | 0 (0) |
Medium-medium/Medium-high/High | 63 (67) | 12 (86) | 70 (70) | 5 (62.5) | 70 (69) | 5 (71) | 72 (69) | 3 (100) |
Employment status, n (%) | ||||||||
Working | 30 (32) | 3 (21) | 32 (32) | 1 (13) | 31(31) | 2 (29) | 32 (30) | 1 (33) |
Retired/Disability | 64 (68) | 11 (79) | 68 (68) | 7 (87) | 70 (69) | 5 (71) | 73 (70) | 2 (67) |
Place of residence, n (%) | ||||||||
Rural | 27 (29) | 3 (21) | 28 (28) | 2 (25) | 29 (29) | 1 (14) | 30 (28.5) | 0 (0) |
Urban | 67 (71) | 11 (79) | 72 (72) | 6 (75) | 72 (71) | 6 (86) | 75 (71) | 3 (100) |
Marital status (%) | ||||||||
Single/separated/divorced/widowed | 31 (33) | 4 (28) | 34 (34) | 1 (12.5) | 33 (33) | 2 (28) | 34 (32) | 1 (33) |
Married/unmarried partner | 63 (67) | 10 (72) | 66 (66) | 7 (87.5) | 68 (67) | 5 (72) | 71 (68) | 2 (66) |
Clinical-functional variables | ||||||||
BMI, kg/m2 MRC dyspnea scale, n (%) | 28.0 ± 4.8 | 27.9 ± 5.3 | 27.7 ± 4.8 | 31.2 ± 3.4* | 27.9 ± 4.6 | 29.0 ± 7.7 | 28.0 ± 4.9 | 26.44 ± 2.6 |
Grade 0-1-2 | 82 (90) | 9 (75) | 86 (89) | 5 (83) | 86 (88) | 5 (100) | 88 (88) | 3 (100) |
Grade 3-4 | 9 (10) | 3 (25) | 11 (11) | 1 (17) | 12 (12) | 0 (0) | 12 (12) | 0 (0) |
Spirometry | ||||||||
FVC post (%) | 104.8 ± 17.8 | 106.1 ± 13.4 | 105.0 ± 17.1 | 105.8 ± 21.1 | 92.9 + 0 .2 | 89.5 ± 21.2 | 92.0 ± 21.5 | 93.4 ± 25.8 |
FEV1 post (%) | 95.6 ± 21.7 | 101.6 ± 15.5 | 96.1 ± 21.0 | 100.5 ± 22.0 | 97.0 + 21.1 | 87.0 + 19.0 | 96.5 + 21.1 | 82.3 + 21.0 |
GINA classification | ||||||||
GINA I-II | 21 (22) | 2 (14) | 23 (23) | 0 (0)* | 22 ( 22) | 1 (14) | 23 (22) | 0 (0) |
GINA III-IV | 73 (78) | 12 (86) | 77 (77) | 8 (100) | 79 ( 78) | 6 (86) | 82 (78) | 3 (100) |
Previous year exacerbations | ||||||||
Hospitalizations | 0.2 ± 0.4 | 0.3 ± 0.6 | 0.2 ± 0.4 | 0.7 ± 0.5Ŧ | 0.2 ± 0.4 | 0.4 ± 0.5 | 0.2 ± 0.4 | 1.3 ± 0.6 † |
ED visits | 1.0 ± 1.4 | 1.8 ± 1.9 | 1.0 ± 1.4 | 2.4 ± 1.5 † | 1.1 ± 1.5 | 1.2 ± 1.7 | 1.1 ± 1.4 | 3.0 ± 2.0* |
Psychological variables | ||||||||
HADS anxiety | 5.5 + 4.3 | 8.8 ± 3.3† | 5.8 ± 4.3 | 3.5 ± 3.2** | 3.3 ± 3.2 | 5.9 ± 5.9 | 3.8 ± 3.9 | 4.1 ± 5.3 |
HADS depression | 3.4 ± 3.3 | 5.7 ± 3.3† | 7.9 ± 3.4 | 6.5 ± 4.3* | 3.6 ± 3.5 | 5.5 ± 4.7 | 3.9 ± 3.7 | 4.5 ± 4.8* |