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Table 1 Demographic characteristics of the sample by group (N = 3285)

From: Health promoting schools and children’s oral health related quality of life

Variable

Overall

Intervention

Control

p-value†

 

N (%)

n (%)

n (%)

 

Gender

    

  Male

1549 (47.2)

612 (50.0)

937 (45.5)

0.012*

  Female

1736 (52.8)

612 (50.0)

1124 (54.5)

 

Race

    

  Malay

3059 (93.1)

1181 (96.5)

1878 (91.1)

 

  Chinese

23 (0.7)

2 (0.2)

21 (1.0)

 

  Indian

148 (4.5)

34 (2.8)

114 (5.5)

<0.001*

  Other1

55 (1.7)

7 (0.6)

48 (2.3)

 

District

    

  Seremban

1240 (37.7)

448 (36.6)

792 (38.4)

 

  Kuala Pilah

456 (13.9)

166 (13.6)

290 (14.1)

 

  Port Dickson

465 (14.2)

178 (14.5)

287 (13.9)

 

  Rembau

347 (10.6)

125 (10.2)

222 (10.8)

0.487

  Jelebu

247 (7.5)

102 (8.3)

145 (7.0)

 

  Tampin

169 (5.1)

58 (4.7)

111 (5.4)

 

  Jempol

361 (5.1)

147 (12.0)

214 (10.4)

 

Location of school

    

  Urban

1373 (41.8)

539 (44.0)

834 (40.5)

0.045*

  Rural

1912 (58.2)

685 (56.0)

1227 (59.5)

 

Father’s education level2

    

  Primary school

336 (11.9)

115 (11.0)

221 (12.5)

 

  Secondary school

1776 (63.1)

671 (64.3)

1105 (62.3)

0.291

  College

290 (10.3)

115 (11.0)

175 (9.9)

 

  University

414 (14.7)

142 (13.6)

272 (15.3)

 

Mother’s education level2

    

  Primary school

365 (12.7)

129 (12.2)

236 (13.1)

 

  Secondary school

1833 (64.0)

692 (65.4)

1141 (63.2)

0.688

  College

346 (12.1)

125 (11.8)

221 (12.2)

 

  University

319 (11.1)

112 (10.6)

207 (11.5)

 

Family income2

    

  < RM400

165 (5.7)

56 (5.2)

109 (6.0)

 

  RM400-749

586 (20.3)

196 (18.3)

390 (21.5)

 

  RM750-2299

1226 (42.5)

479 (44.6)

747 (41.2)

0.063

  RM2300-5599

618 (21.4)

244 (22.7)

374 (20.6)

 

  >RM5600

290 (10.1)

98 (9.1)

192 (10.6)

 
  1. †Chi-square test; 1Other consists of 49 Orang Asli (indigenous people), 4 Sikh, 1 Filipino and 1 Pakistani; 2Sample did not equal to N = 3285 due to missing data.
  2. *Level of significant p < 0.05.