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Table 2 Final multivariable regression model for diabetes-specific quality of life

From: Mental health issues decrease diabetes-specific quality of life independent of glycaemic control and complications: findings from Australia’s living with diabetes cohort study

Variables

N (%) a

Adjusted least squares

Lower 95% CI

Upper 95% CI

p-values

  

Mean

   

Complications and comorbidites

Number of complicationsb

    

<0.001

 0

1579 (46.1)

−1.25

−1.33

−1.17

 

 1

828 (24.2)

−1.56

−1.66

−1.45

 

 2

518 (15.1)

−1.92

−2.06

−1.78

 

 3

284 (8.3)

−2.17

−2.36

−1.98

 

 4 or more

215 (6.3)

−2.50

−2.72

−2.27

 

Depression

    

0.001

 No

2615 (76.4)

−1.53

−1.59

−1.47

 

 Yes

809 (23.6)

−1.75

−1.87

−1.64

 

Anxiety

    

<0.001

 No

3081 (90.0)

−1.54

−1.59

−1.48

 

 Yes

343 (10.0)

−1.97

−2.15

−1.79

 

Schizophrenia

    

0.016

 No

3405 (99.5)

−1.58

−1.63

−1.52

 

 Yes

19 (0.5)

−2.47

−3.20

−1.75

 

Non-melanoma cancers

    

0.008

 No

3107 (90.7)

−1.60

−1.66

−1.55

 

 Yes

317 (9.3)

−1.35

−1.53

−1.18

 

Other significant demographic and clinical covariates

     

Household income

    

<0.001

 <$20 K

925 (27.2)

−1.82

−1.93

−1.71

 

 20 K – 40 K

863 (25.2)

−1.50

−1.61

−1.39

 

 40 K – 80 K

772 (22.6)

−1.42

−1.53

−1.30

 

 80 K – 120 K

309 (9.0)

−1.36

−1.54

−1.17

 

 120 K – 160 K

108 (3.2)

−1.25

−1.55

−0.95

 

 >160 K

67 (2.0)

−0.91

−1.30

−0.53

 

 Missing/do not know

380 (11.1)

−1.92

−2.08

−1.76

 

Marital status

    

0.018

 Never married

208 (6.1)

−1.32

−1.54

−1.09

 

 Co-habiting

2450 (71.6)

−1.62

−1.69

−1.56

 

 Secondarily single

766 (22.4)

−1.52

−1.64

−1.40

 

HbA1c result

    

<0.001

 Under 6.5%

796 (23.3)

−1.38

−1.49

−1.27

 

 6.5% - 7.0%

891 (26.0)

−1.57

−1.67

−1.46

 

 7.1% - 8.0%

746 (21.8)

−1.62

−1.73

−1.50

 

 Over 8.0%

453 (13.2)

−1.95

−2.10

−1.80

 

 Do not know

538 (15.7)

−1.55

−1.68

−1.41

 

Age quartile

    

<0.001

 Q1: 22–55 y

858 (25.1)

−2.07

−2.18

−1.95

 

 Q2: 56–62 y

871 (25.4)

−1.67

−1.78

−1.56

 

 Q3: 63–69 y

877 (25.6)

−1.43

−1.53

−1.32

 

 Q4: 70–94 y

818 (23.9)

−1.15

−1.27

−1.03

 

Treatment status

    

<0.001

 Insulin requiring

630 (18.4)

−2.01

−2.15

−1.88

 

 Oral medications

2078 (60.7)

−1.58

−1.64

−1.51

 

 Diet and/or exercise only

716 (20.9)

−1.22

−1.34

−1.10

 
  1. Model is adjusted for the five control variables: Age and treatment status were significant; sampling region, sex and duration of diabetes were non-significant and are not shown.
  2. a185 participants (5.1%) had missing data for one or more covariates and are not included in this analysis.
  3. bincludes eye disease, kidney disease, nerve damage or neuropathy, heart disease, stroke or transient ischemic attack, erectile dysfunction, poor circulation, foot ulcers, and gangrene or amputation.