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Table 6 Correlations between the DSMQ scales and patient characteristics, SDSCA scales, and HbA 1c as assessed in the total sample and type 1 (in parenthesis) and type 2 (in square brackets) diabetes patient subgroups

From: The Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire (DSMQ): development and evaluation of an instrument to assess diabetes self-care activities associated with glycaemic control

 

DSMQ

 

Glucose Management

Dietary Control

Physical Activity

Health-Care Use

Sum Scale

Female gender

0.03

−0.03

−0.00

0.09

0.01

(−0.07)

(−0.00)

(0.06)

(0.11)

(0.00)

[0.18]

[−0.06]

[−0.15]

[0.05]

[0.02]

Age

0.32‡

0.40‡

−0.05

0.12*

0.28‡

(0.44‡)

(0.41‡)

(0.16*)

(0.27†)

(0.44‡)

[0.27†]

[0.36‡]

[0.05]

[0.15]

[0.31†]

BMI

0.00

−0.07

−0.41‡

−0.08

−0.22‡

(0.03)

(−0.11)

(−0.30‡)

(0.01)

(−0.15)

[−0.08]

[−0.23†]

[−0.27†]

[−0.06]

[−0.25†]

Diabetes type 1

−0.00

−0.09

0.31‡

0.11

0.10

(−)

(−)

(−)

(−)

(−)

[−]

[−]

[−]

[−]

[−]

Diabetes duration

0.10

0.02

0.09

0.15*

0.13*

(0.12)

(−0.02)

(0.07)

(0.12)

(0.08)

[0.07]

[0.13]

[0.01]

[0.18]

[0.18]

Insulin therapya

0.09

0.02

0.03

0.05

0.08

(−0.09)

(−0.05)

(−0.04)

(0.13)

(−0.05)

[0.17]

[0.10]

[−0.10]

[−0.00]

[0.10]

Number of late complicationsb

0.05

0.24‡

−0.14*

0.01

0.08

(0.09)

(0.07)

(−0.06)

(0.12)

(0.07)

[0.02]

[0.37‡]

[0.03]

[−0.03]

[0.22†]

SDSCA Blood-Glucose Testing

0.57‡

0.28‡

0.24‡

0.26‡

0.51‡

(0.58‡)

(0.37‡)

(0.29‡)

(0.28‡)

(0.56‡)

[0.58‡]

[0.25†]

[0.09]

[0.19*]

[0.44‡]

SDSCA General Diet

0.29‡

0.52‡

0.18†

0.13*

0.44‡

(0.38‡)

(0.55‡)

(0.29‡)

(0.26†)

(0.54‡)

[0.20*]

[0.44‡]

[0.17]

[−0.03]

[0.36‡]

SDSCA Specific Diet

0.08

0.28‡

0.19†

0.08

0.24‡

(0.01)

(0.28‡)

(0.20*)

(0.22†)

(0.26†)

[0.16]

[0.26†]

[0.23†]

[−0.09]

[0.23]

SDSCA Exercise

0.05

0.17†

0.58‡

0.06

0.30‡

(0.09)

(0.22†)

(0.60‡)

(0.10)

(0.35‡)

[−0.01]

[0.12]

[0.53‡]

[−0.02]

[0.18]

SDSCA Foot-Care

0.25‡

0.35‡

0.03

0.10

0.29‡

(0.23)

(0.25†)

(0.19*)

(0.16)

(0.31‡)

[0.30†]

[0.44‡]

[0.05]

[0.10]

[0.39‡]

SDSCA Smokingc

−0.22‡

−0.15*

−0.09

−0.19†

−0.20†

(−0.31‡)

(−0.23†)

(−0.22†)

(−0.29†)

(−0.32‡)

[−0.06]

[0.04]

[−0.03]

[−0.09]

[−0.02]

SDSCA Sum scale

0.37‡

0.54‡

0.39‡

0.17†

0.57‡

(0.35‡)

(0.55†)

(0.51‡)

(0.29†)

(0.62‡)

[0.38‡]]

[0.49‡]

[0.34‡]

[0.02]

[0.51‡]

HbA1c value

−0.39‡

−0.30‡

−0.15*

−0.22‡

−0.40‡

(−0.44‡)

(−0.31‡)

(−0.12)

(−0.20*)

(−0.39‡)

 

[−0.33‡]

[−0.33‡]

[−0.11]

[−0.21*]

[−0.38‡]

  1. Coefficients are Spearman’s ρ or point-biserial correlation (regards the dichotomous variables female sex, diabetes type 1, and insulin therapy); * P < 0.05; † P < 0.01; ‡ P < 0.001 (two-tailed test).
  2. Coefficients which represent type 1 patients (n = 150) are presented in parenthesis; coefficients which represent type 2 patients (n = 111) are presented in square brackets; coefficients which are indicative of convergent validity are printed in bold.
  3. DSMQ, Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire; BMI, Body Mass Index; SDSCA; Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities Measure; HbA 1c , glycated haemoglobin.
  4. a any type of diabetes therapy which includes the use of insulin.
  5. b retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, diabetic foot, and/or arterial occlusive disease.
  6. c average number of cigarettes smoked per day.
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Health and Quality of Life Outcomes

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