| |
Total sample°
|
Worsened patients*
|
Non-worsened patients*
| |
|---|
| |
N = 580
|
N = 107
|
N = 417
|
p
|
|---|
|
Female, n (%)
|
419 (72.2)
|
75 (70.1)
|
300 (71.9)
|
0.71
|
|
Age (years)
|
M (SD)
|
41.3 (10.2)
|
43.2 (10.2)
|
40.9 (10.1)
|
0.02
|
|
Min, max
|
18, 71
|
19, 64
|
18, 69
| |
|
Marital status, n (%)
|
Cohabiting/married Divorced/separated/single/widowed
|
393 (67.8)
|
73 (68.2)
|
282 (67.6)
|
0.91
|
|
187 (32.2)
|
34 (31.8)
|
73 (68.2)
|
|
Employment status, n (%)
|
Employed
|
335 (57.8)
|
59 (55.1)
|
241 (57.8)
|
0.62
|
|
Unemployed/homemaker/retired/student
|
245 (42.2)
|
48 (44.9)
|
176 (42.2)
|
|
Educational level, n (%)
|
Elementary school
|
113 (19.5)
|
31 (28.4)
|
76 (18.2)
|
0.03
|
|
College
|
81 (14.0)
|
9 (8.3)
|
61 (14.6)
|
|
High school/university
|
386 (66.6)
|
67 (63.3)
|
280 (67.1)
|
|
EDSS score
|
M (SD)
|
2.9 (1.9)
|
3.5 (2.2)
|
2.8 (1.8)
|
<10
-3
|
|
Median
|
2.5
|
4.0
|
2.0
|
|
Min, max
|
0.0, 7.5
|
0.0, 7.0
|
0.0, 7.0
|
|
MS course, n (%)
|
Relapsing-remitting
|
510 (87.9)
|
79 (73.8)
|
381 (91.4)
|
<10
-3
|
|
Secondary progressive
|
53 (9.1)
|
18 (16.8)
|
30 (7.2)
|
|
Primary progressive
|
12 (2.1)
|
8 (7.5)
|
2 (0.5)
|
|
Primary relapsing
|
5 (0.9)
|
2 (1.9)
|
4 (1.0)
|
|
Time since first MS symptom (years)
|
M (SD)
|
10.0 (7.5)
|
10.2 (8.1)
|
9.9 (7.2)
|
0.98
|
|
Min, max
|
0, 45
|
0, 45
|
0.0, 40
|
|
Number of relapses in previous 2 years
|
M (SD)
|
1.3 (1.4)
|
1.4 (1.6)
|
1.3 (1.3)
|
0.33
|
|
0
|
187 (32.2)
|
37 (34.6)
|
135 (32.4)
|
|
1
|
185 (31.9)
|
27 (25.2)
|
137 (32.9)
|
|
2
|
123 (21.2)
|
23 (21.5)
|
87 (20.9)
|
|
> = 3
|
85 (14.7)
|
20 (18.7)
|
58 (13.9)
|
- M (SD), mean (standard deviation).
- EDSS, Expanded Disability Status Scale; MS, multiple sclerosis.
- ° the 24-month EDSS was not available for 56 individuals.
- * defined as worsened or non-worsened based on change in EDSS score from baseline to month 24 according to the definition of Lublin [Lublin 1996] and Kappos [Kappos 2004].
- Bold values: p-value < 0.05.
