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Table 4 Example items following elicited concepts

From: The development of a patient-reported outcome measure for assessing nighttime symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Concept

Quotes

Items

Coughing

“I cannot lay down flat without coughing my head off.”

You indicated that you experienced a cough last night…

“Well, I have mucous coughs, too, you know where you got to cough up something, but most of the time it’s not the mucous. It’s just a burning sensation right in my chest.”

- How severe was your cough?

Shortness of breath

“You’re calling for a breath to fill your lungs, but you can’t seem to get it.”

You indicated that you experienced shortness of breath last night…

“It feels like I can’t get enough breath, and then when I get the breath, I-I know I have a hard time trying to get rid of it.”

- How severe was your shortness of breath?

Severity of symptoms

“I’m saying that I just get them or some of them I already have that would actually get worse. Uh, maybe sometimes I’ll have a relatively, uh, mild case of wheezing, but if I get real infectious, uh, I’m wheezing a lot. Uh, then I’ll be coughing a lot, so it-it’s hard to break down as to when, you know. It’s just hard to explain.”

Response options categorized as:

• Mild

• Moderate

• Severe

• Very Severe