Skip to main content

Table 1 Characteristics of the included studies

From: Systematic review: Do patient expectations influence treatment outcomes in total knee and total hip arthroplasty?

Study

Quality score (%)

N

Hip or knee

Type of expectations

Measure of expectations

Timing of expectation measurement

Health outcome measures

Timing of outcome measures

Vd Akker-Scheek 2007[30]

79

123

Knee

Self efficacy expectations

- Self efficacy for rehabilitation outcome scale

6 weeks prior to surgery

1. WOMAC overall score

6 months post surgery

       

2. SF-36 physical function

 

Arden 2011[35]

50

799

Hip

Outcome expectations

2 items

Pre-operative

1. Satisfaction

1 year and 2 years post surgery

- How painful do you expect your hip to be when you are fully recovered from surgery (not at all painful, slightly painful, very painful)

No specific time point reported

2. Change in oxford hip score

     

- How limited do you expect to be in your usual activities when you are fully recovered from surgery (not limited at all, slightly limited, moderately limited, greatly limited)

   

Brokelman 2008[24]

50

44

Knee and hip

Outcome expectations

- VAS (0–100) for expectation of satisfaction with surgery 1 year postoperative

After pre-operative information meeting

1. VAS for Satisfaction

Mean = 13.1 months post surgery

Cross 2009[16]

39

106

Knee and hip

Outcome expectations

- Hospital for Special Surgery Hip or Knee Replacement Expectations Questionnaire

Pre-operative

1. WOMAC pain change

6 months post surgery

Self efficacy expectations

- Arthritis Self Efficacy Scale

No specific time point reported

2. WOMAC function change

       

3. WOMAC stiffness change

 

Engel 2004[25]

58

78

Knee

Outcome expectations

- Expected probability of recovery (VAS)

2 weeks prior to surgery

1. WOMAC pain

6 months post surgery

Self efficacy expectations

- Expected change in quality of life (4 response choices)

 

2. WOMAC function

- Coping efficacy (two items, 5 point Likert-type scaled)

 

3. WOMAC stiffness

       

4. Overall recovery (clinician assessment)

 

Gandhi 2009[14]

58

2350

Knee and hip

Outcome expectations

3 ‘open’ questions

Pre-operative

1. WOMAC pain change

1 year post surgery

- Time to fully recover from surgery

No specific time point reported

2. WOMAC function change

- Pain expected after surgery

  
     

- Ability to perform usual activities when recovered

   

Hartley 2008[36]

53

100

Knee and hip

Self efficacy expectations

- Self efficacy for rehabilitation outcome scale

1 month prior to surgery

1. Harris Hip Scale / The American Knee Society Score (function)

6 weeks post surgery

     

- 12 items about outcome expectations with Likert type scales from 0–10.

   

Judge 2011[34]

63

1327

Hip

Outcome expectations

Number of expectations answered on the following open answered item:

Pre-operative

1. Improved/not improved according to the OMERACT-

1 year post surgery

- What things do you think your might be able to do in a year’s time, that you NEED to be able to do, but CANNOT do now, if the operation is a total succes

No specific time point reported

OARSI criteria

2. WOMAC pain

3. WOMAC stiffness

       

4. WOMAC function

 

Lingard 2006[26]

53

598

Knee

Outcome expectations

4 items answered on a 5 point Likert-type scale (not at all important – very important).

6 weeks prior to surgery

 

1 year post surgery

- Expectations regarding pain level

 

1. WOMAC pain

- Expectations regarding walking distance

 

2. WOMAC function

- Expectations regarding limitation of recreational activity

 

3. Satisfaction

     

- Expectations regarding the use of a walking aid

   

Lopez-Olivo 2011[32]

74

272

Knee

Self efficacy expectations

Arthritis Self Efficacy Scale

Within a month prior to surgery

1. WOMAC pain

6 months post surgery

2. WOMAC function

3. KSRS total

4. KSRS knee score

       

5. KSRS function

 

Mahomed 2002[15]

58

222

Knee and hip

Outcome expectations

2 items answered on a 4 point Likert type scale

Prior to surgery

1. WOMAC pain

6 months post surgery

- Limitations in activities of daily living

No specific time point stated

2. WOMAC function

- Pain relief

3. WOMAC stiffness

2 items answered on a VAS 0-100

- Overall success

     

- Likelihood of complications

   

Mannion 2009[27]

58

146

Knee

Outcome expectations

- Expected time to full recovery (open answer in months)

Approximately 2 weeks prior to surgery

1. Global outcome/result of surgery

2 years post surgery

- Expected pain after recovery from surgery (not at all through very painfull)

 

2. Satisfaction with surgery

     

- Expected limitations in everyday activities after recovery from surgery (not at all limited through greatly limited)

   

Nilsdotter 2009[28]

44

102

Knee

Outcome expectations

-Expectations in relation to walking ability measured on a 6 point likert type scale

Pre-operative, no exact time point stated

1. SF-36 physical function

6 months,

1 year and

5 years post surgery

-Expectations in relation to leisure activities measured on a 7 point likert scale

-Estimated time to recovery. And also about the 5 KOOS domains

     

-Expectations dichotomized in high and low expectations

   

Oettingen 2002[33]

68

51

Hip

Outcome expectations

5 items answered on 5 point Likert type scales combined in a single score.

On the day of admission to the hospital

1. Range of hip motion (3 items, rated by PT)

Two weeks post surgery

-How likely do you think it is that two weeks after surgery you will be able to go for a brief walk using an assistive cane

 

2. Walking on stairs (1 item rated by PT),

-How likely do you think it is that two weeks after surgery you will be walking on stairs up and down with the help of an assistive cane?

 

3. Recovery. How well the patient does in comparison to other patients (4 items, rated by PT)

-How functionally able do you think you will be 3 months after surgery

 

Al questions were answered on a 5 point likert type scale.

-To what extent do you think you will be without pain 3 months after surgery

Quintana 2009[17]

74

788

Hip

Outcome expectations

1 item about expectation of pain relief

Whilst patients were on the waiting list

1. WOMAC pain

6 months and 2 years post surgery

2. WOMAC function

       

3. WOMAC stiffness

 

Riddle 2009[29]

68

157

Knee

Self efficacy expectations

Arthritis self efficacy scale short form

Preoperatively, no specific time point mentioned

1. WOMAC pain

6 months post surgery

       

2. WOMAC function

 

Suda 2010[37]

6

130

Knee and hip

Outcome expectations

Expectations in relation to 5 items:

1 month pre-operative

1. Harris Hip scores

3 years post surgery

-Pain

-Change in personal relationships

-Decrease in worries about life

-Resuming old hobbies

-Overall expectations of the new joint

     

-The FFbH-OA-survey adapted to expectations

   

Vissers 2010[31]

61

45

Knee

Outcome expectations

2 items answered on a 4 point Likert type scale

+− 6 weeks pre-operative

1. Satisfaction with surgery

6 months post surgery

-Limitations in activities of daily living

-Pain relief

1 item answered on a VAS 0-100

     

-Overall success

   
  1. WOMAC= Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index, VAS= Visual Analogue Scale, PT=Physiotherapist, KOOS=Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, FFbH-OA= Functional Questionnaire of Hannover for Osteoarthritis, KSRS= Knee Society Rating System.