Association of anemia with worsened activities of daily living and health-related quality of life scores derived from the Minimum Data Set in long-term care residents

Table 1 Resident demographics and hemoglobin

	Not anemic	Anemic	p-value^†	All residents
	n	n		n
	452	386		838
Demographics
Age (years)
Median [interquartile range]	81 [71–88]	82 [72–88]	-	82 [72–88]
≤65	17%	15%	0.627	16%
65-74	13%	15%		14%
75-84	31%	31%		31%
85+	39%	39%		39%
Female	74%	59%	<0.001	67%
Race/Ethnicity
White, not of Hispanic Origin	81%	82%	0.472	82%
Black, not of Hispanic Origin	4%	5%		5%
Asian/Pacific Islander	2%	1%		2%
Hispanic	12%	12%		12%
Am Indian/Alaskan Native	0%	0%		0%
Other	0%	0%		0%
Educational Level
Less than 12 years	18%	23%	0.260	20%
High school graduate	39%	34%		37%
Some college	14%	17%		15%
College graduate	10%	10%		10%
Unknown	19%	17%		18%
Hemoglobin
Mean (SD) Hemoglobin Level (g/dL)	13.6 (1.1)	10.9 (1.0)	<0.001	12.4 (1.7)
Anemic (from index Hb, WHO definition)*	0%	100%	<0.001	46%
Hemoglobin Level ≥13 g/dL	68%	0%	<0.001	37%
Hemoglobin Level 12 to <13	32%	12%		23%
Hemoglobin Level 11 to <12	0%	41%		19%
Hemoglobin Level 10 to <11	0%	31%		14%
Hemoglobin Level <10	0%	16%		8%

Terms: WHO, World Health Organization.
* WHO definition of anemia = index Hb <12 g/dL if female, <13 g/dL if male.
^† F-tests used for differences in means; Chi-square tests used for proportions.

ISSN: 1477-7525