Tophi and frequent gout flares are associated with impairments to quality of life, productivity, and increased healthcare resource use: Results from a cross-sectional survey

Table 4 Health-related quality of life, work productivity, and resource use by annual gout flares (unadjusted)

	Number of self-reported flares in past 12 months
	0/don't recall (n = 151)		1 to 2 (n = 235)		3 (n = 91)		4 to 5 (n = 86)		6+ (n = 57)
	M	SD	M	SD	M	SD	M	SD	M	SD	p
HRQOL
SF-12 MCS	49.91	9.67	49.23	10.30	47.85	10.03	44.66	13.03	44.46	13.43	<0.0001
SF-12 PCS	43.25	11.61	42.72	12.27	38.16	11.85	37.04	11.40	33.49	9.99	<0.0001
SF-6D Utility	0.73	0.12	0.72	0.14	0.67	0.15	0.64	0.17	0.61	0.13	<0.0001
Work Productivity
% Work missed (n = 234)	6.76	23.15	5.16	16.23	4.66	17.42	1.85	5.11	8.71	14.99	0.661
% Impairment at work (n = 229)	14.12	18.35	21.22	26.72	21.62	27.84	19.26	26.01	33.33	30.60	0.056
% Overall work impairment (n = 234)	19.80	26.90	23.23	29.80	24.29	30.42	19.93	26.70	36.58	33.32	0.197
% Activity impairment	28.68	28.42	36.77	33.39	43.41	34.42	45.58	34.39	54.21	30.29	<0.0001
Resource Use
Number of traditional healthcare provider visits	6.91	8.45	5.68	6.01	8.29	10.09	8.02	8.76	7.40	6.79	0.032

Note: All n = 620 unless otherwise noted. MCS: Mental Component Summary; PCS: Physical Component Summary; ER: Emergency Room.

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