The proxy problem anatomized: child-parent disagreement in health related quality of life reports of chronically ill adolescents

Table 3 KIDSCREEN-10 results, mean (SD) or No. (%), n = 584 (unless indicated)

	ADOL LOW	AGREE	ADOL HIGH	df_M	df_R	F or H	p
Socio-demographic characteristics*
Gender (A)
Female	91 (63.2)	132 (52.4)	99 (52.7)	2	-	4.73	ns
Gender (P)
Female	85 (61.6)	124 (52.3)	94 (52.5)	2	-	3.37	ns
Age (A)	15.3 (1.9)^a	14.8 (1.9)	14.8 (1.9)	2	581	3.63	< .05
Educational level (A)
Lower	76 (52.8)	128 (51.4)	122 (65.2)^b	2	-	9.25	< .05
Educational level (P)
Lower	86 (61.9)	146 (60.1)	106 (57.6)	2	-	.552	ns
Education type (A)
Regular	134 (93.1)^c	233 (93.6)	159 (85.0)^b	2	-	9.83	< .01
Ethnicity (A)
Dutch surname	134 (93.1)	225 (89.3)	177 (94.1)	2	-	4.33	ns
Disease-related characteristics*
Age at diagnosis (A)
Before age of six	111 (77.1)	173 (68.7)	144 (76.6)	2	-	5.64	ns
No. of outpatient visits	15.8 (12.5)	16.4 (14.6)	18.4 (18.1)	2	581	1.31	ns
No. hospital admissions	4.3 (6.1)	4.9 (10.7)	5.4 (10.8)	2	581	.494	ns
No. different outpatient departments	2.9 (1.9)	3.0 (2.1)	3.5 (2.6)	2	581	3.36	ns
Consequences of chronic condition*
Therapeutic regimen (A)
Yes	87 (60.4)	163 (64.7)	128 (68.1)	2	-	1.92	ns
Therapeutic regimen (P)
Yes	88 (61.1)	166 (65.9)	132 (70.2)	2	-	3.15	ns
Physical limitations (A)
Yes	42 (29.2)	60 (23.8)	63 (33.5)	2	-	5.32	ns
Physical limitations (P)
Yes	19 (13.4)^c	52 (20.6)	62 (33.2)^b	2	-	19.02	< .01
School/work absenteeism (A)	1.9 (.87)	1.8 (.87)	2.0 (.97)	2	581	2.03	ns
School/work absenteeism (P)	1.8 (.78)^d	1.8 (.80)	2.1 (.94)^a	2	577	7.01	< .01
Experienced burden (A)	4.7 (2.2)	4.5 (2.1)	4.6 (2.1)	2	580	.733	ns
Experienced burden (P)	5.2 (2.3)	5.0 (2.1)	5.5 (1.9)^a	2	581	3.07	< .05

^aA Tukey post-hoc test revealed that this group differed significantly from the agreement group AGREE on a p < .05 level.
^bA Chi-square post-hoc test with Bonferonni correction revealed that this group differed significantly from the agreement group AGREE on a p < .017 level.
^cA Chi-square post-hoc test with Bonferonni correction revealed that this group differed significantly from the disagreement group ADOL HIGH on a p < .017 level.
^dA Tukey post-hoc test revealed that this group differed significantly from the disagreement group ADOL HIGH on a p < .01 level.
*(A) stands for information assessed in the adolescent questionnaire, while (P) stands for information coming from the parent questionnaire.

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